1130s

This is a list of events occurring in the 1130s, ordered by year.

1130

• February 14 – Pope Innocent II succeeds Pope Honorius II as the 164th pope.
• An antipope schism occurs when Roger II of Sicily supports Anacletus II as pope instead of Innocent II, who flees to France.
• December 25 – Antipope Anacletus crowns Roger II of Sicily king.
• Magnus the Blind and Harald Gille become joint kings of Norway, starting the civil war era in Norway.
• Magnus the Strong is deposed as king of Gothenland, when Sverker the Elder proclaims himself king of Sweden.

1132

• June – A fire breaks out in the Song Dynasty Chinese capital of Hangzhou, destroying 13,000 homes and forcing many to flee to nearby hills. Due to large fires such as this, the government installs an effective fire fighting force for the city. Items such as bamboo, planks, and rush-matting are temporarily exempted from taxation, 120 tons of rice are distributed to the poor, and the government temporarily suspends the housing rent requirement of the city's residents.
• July 24 – Battle of Nocera: Ranulf II of Alife defeats Roger II of Sicily.
• Dermot MacMurrough has the abbey of Kildare in Ireland burned and the abbess raped.^{[citation needed]} He becomes king of the province of Leinster.^[1]
• St. Malachy is made bishop of Armagh in Ireland, to impose the Roman liturgy on the independent Irish Church.
• Fountains Abbey and Rievaulx Abbey are founded in Yorkshire, Basingwerk Abbey is founded in Wales.
• Barnwell Castle is erected in Northamptonshire, England.
• The Japanese era 長承 (Choushou) begins.
• Tughril II starts his rule of Iraq.
• Champa again invades Vietnam.
• Under the Song Dynasty, China's first permanent standing navy is established in this year, with the headquarters of the admiral stationed at Dinghai.
• Abd al-Mu'min becomes Almohad caliph in North Africa.

1133

• Geoffrey of Monmouth and Jeff de Hosson produce the Historia Regum Britanniae.
• Durham Cathedral is completed.
• Construction of Exeter Cathedral is begun.
• June 4 – Lothair III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Innocent II.
• A papal bull grants Sardegna and half of Corsica to Pisa.
• At the battle of Fraga, the Castellan troops led by king Alfonso the Battler defeat the Almoravid army thanks to a timely intervention of a Norman crusader army from Tarragona led by Robert Burdet.^[2]
• Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona launches a raid against Almoravid-held territories in al-Andalus and pilages the country all the way to Cadiz.^[3]

1134

By place

Asia

• Hugh II of Le Puiset, Count of Jaffa, revolts against King Fulk of Jerusalem.
• Mas'ud becomes sultan of the Seljuk Turks.
• The Kangguo Era begins in the Kara-Khitan Khanate.
• Wu Ge, the Chinese Song Dynasty Deputy Transport Commissioner of Zhejiang, has paddle wheel warships constructed with a total of nine wheels and others with thirteen wheels.

Europe

Eastern Europe

• Vsevolod Mstislavich of Novgorod defeats the Chuds and captures Tartu.
• Yuri Dolgoruki founds the town of Skniatino.
• Iziaslav II of Kiev becomes Prince of Vladimir and Volyn.
• Viacheslav of Kiev becomes Prince of Turov.

Mediterranean

• Ermengarde becomes viscountess of Narbonne.
• Narbonne is seized by Alphonse I of Toulouse.
• Castillan defeat at the battle of Fraga against Muslim troops: Alfonso I of Aragon is killed, and succeeded by Ramiro II in Aragon and Garcia VI in Navarre.
• Roger II of Sicily defeats a revolt in Naples.
• Called by Olegarius, the bishop of Tarragona, the knights Templar establish their first stronghold in Catalonia.^[4]

Scandinavia

• Battle of Färlev: Magnus IV of Norway defeats Harald IV of Norway.
• Harald Kesja and Magnus the Strong are defeated at the Battle of Fotevik.
• Eric II becomes King of Denmark.
• The House of Brandenburg is founded when Albrecht the Bear is made head of the Nordmark.

Western Europe

• Aed mac Domnaill becomes King of Ui Failghe.
• Much of Chartres, France, is destroyed by fire.
• Henry of Lausanne is sentenced to imprisonment by Pope Innocent II.
• The Zeeland archipelago is created by a massive storm in the North Sea.
• Hermann III of Baden marries Bertha of Lorraine.
• Ulrich I becomes Duke of Carinthia.

By topic

Culture

• May 13 – the Saint-Denis basilica, near Paris, is damaged by a fire. This will give the opportunity to the abbot Suger to rebuild it in a new style, which will open the Gothic period of architecture.
• Abdul Qadir Jilani becomes principal of the Hanbali school in Baghdad.
• The Japanese classic text Uchigikishu is written.
• Robert of Ketton and Herman of Carinthia travel throughout France, the Byzantine Empire, and the Crusader States.

Religion

• Cormac's Chapel is consecrated.
• Saint Malachy becomes Archbishop of Armagh.
• The Church of St. James is dedicated in Glasgow.
• The Augustinian Runcorn Priory is transferred to Norton Priory.
• Buckfastleigh Abbey is refounded.
• Aelred of Hexham enters the monastery at Rievaulx Abbey.
• St. Stephen Harding becomes abbott of Cîteaux Abbey.
• Saint Hugh of Grenoble is canonized by Innocent II.
• The Cathedral of St. Petri in Schleswig is completed.
• The Abbey of St. Jacob is founded in Würzburg.
• Evermode of Ratzeburg becomes Abbot of Gottesgnaden.
• The Humiliati retreat to a monastery in Milan.
• Leo Styppes becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.

1135

By place

Africa

• The troops of Roger II of Sicily take Djerba.^[5]
• The Hammadid emirate launches an assault against Mahdia in Ifriqiya.^[6]

Asia

• Song Dynasty Chinese general Yue Fei defeats the rebel forces of Yang Yao by entangling his swift paddle-wheel ships with rotten logs and other debris precariously placed in the river. Yue Fei's forces easily board their ships and win a victory.
• The domination of Baghdad by the Seljuk Turks ends.

The Near East in 1135, showing the four Crusader states and their Muslim neighbors in shades of green.

Europe

• May 26 – Alfonso VII of León and Castile is crowned in the Cathedral of Leon as Imperator totius Hispaniae, "Emperor of All the Spains".
• 10 August - Battle at Konungahella
• December 1 – Stephen succeeds his uncle Henry I as king of England. Matilda, daughter of Henry I and widow of Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, opposes Stephen and claims the throne as her own.
• The first records of the Manor of Cramlington come into existence.
• A fire in London seriously damages St Paul's Cathedral and London Bridge on Pentecost (Sunday, May 26).
• The Pisans, in the service of the Holy See, sack the city of Amalfi.
• The Republic of Florence keeps expending its control over its surrounding countryside and conquers the neighboring city of Montebuoni.
• A Moorish fleet raids the Catalan port-town of Elna.^[7]

1136

By place

Africa

• Béjaïa repeals a Genoan naval assault.^[8]

Europe

• February 5 – Treaty of Durham: Stephen I of England concedes Cumberland to David I of Scotland.
• The people of Novgorod rebel against the hereditary prince Vsevolod of Pskov and depose him.
• Battle of Crug Mawr: Owain Gwynedd of Wales defeats the Normans.
• Grimoald, duke of Bari, supported by the emperor, rebels against the king of Sicily Roger II.^[9]

By topic

Arts and culture

• The Saint Denis Basilica is completed in Paris.
• Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise.

1137

By place

Africa

• The Ethiopian Empire is established under the Zagwe dynasty.
• First commercial treaty between the Almohads and a Christian power. Genoa obtains trading rights in the ports of North Africa.^[10]

Asia

• In Song Dynasty China, a fire breaks out in the new capital of Hangzhou; the government suspends the requirement of rent payments, alms of 108,840 kg (120 tons) of rice are distributed to the poor, and items such as bamboo, planks, and rush-matting are exempt from government taxation.

Europe

• A fleet of thirty-seven Almoravid ships attacks the coasts of Southern Italy under Norman rule.^[5]
• Louis VII is crowned King of France. He subsequently marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, daughter of William X.
• Rochester Cathedral is severely damaged by a fire, but is soon rebuilt.

1138

• Robert Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter.
• March 13 – Cardinal Gregory is elected anti-pope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
• August 22 – Battle of the Standard: David I of Scotland is defeated by the English.
• October 11 – A deadly earthquake in Aleppo, Syria kills about 230,000 people. See 1138 Aleppo earthquake.
• Conrad III of Germany becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
• Bavaria is taken away from the Welfen Duke Henry the Proud and given to the Austrian Margrave Leopold IV.
• A castle in Scotland successfully defeats a siege despite being held by only nine knights.
• The earldom of Pembroke, created for Gilbert de Clare, is the first earldom created by the Norman kings within the borders of Wales.
• First mention of the consuls of Florence, indicating that the city has become an independent and self-govern commune.

1139

By area

Europe

• April 9 – The Treaty of Durham is signed between King Stephen of England and David I of Scotland.
• July 25 – Battle of Ourique: The independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León declared after the Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques. He then becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal, after calling the first assembly of the estates-general of Portugal at Lamego, where he is given the Crown from the Bishop of Bragança, to confirm the independence.

By topic

Religion

• Second Council of the Lateran: The Anacletus schism is settled, and priestly celibacy is made mandatory in the Catholic Church.

Significant people

Births

Deaths

References