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Contents: political eventsreligion |
The Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus makes an alliance with Venice against the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa, who takes an oath at the Diet of Würzburg in May to support the antipope Paschal III against Pope Alexander III.
The king of North Wales Owain ap Gruffydd combines forces with his nephew Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of South Wales, and with Owain Cyfeiliog of the Powys region to drive out England's Henry II (see 1157). Henry is obliged by bad weather and unfamiliarity with the terrain to cede the territory to Owain ap Gruffydd, who regains the castles of Basingwerk and Rhuddlan, pushing the borders of his realm (Gwynedd) to the estuary of the River Dee.
Scotland's Malcolm IV dies December 9 at age 24 after a 12-year reign and is succeeded by his brother William I (the Lion), 22, who will reign until 1214.
The Japanese emperor Nijo abdicates and dies after a 7-year reign (see 1159); he is succeeded by his 1-year-old son, who will reign until 1168 as the emperor Rokujo.
Hildegard von Bingen founds a daughter house at Nibingen on the opposite bank of the Rhine from Rupertsberg near Rüdesheim (date approximate). She has begun making extended missions through the German states (see 1170).
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