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Contents: political eventscommerce transportation religion literature |
England's Prince Richard Coeur de Lion pays homage to France's Philippe II Augustus for English possessions in France and does it in the presence of his father, Henry II, at the November 18 Conference of Bonmolins. A struggle follows, Henry is overpowered, Richard's supporters chase him from Le Mans to Angers, and they force him to buy peace by conceding to all demands, including the immediate recognition of Richard as his successor (see 1189).
The Saladin tithe imposed by Philippe II Augustus to raise money for a Third Crusade is the first tax ever levied in France.
The Pont Saint Benezet spans the Rhône at Avignon for the first time. A French folk song will make it famous.
Pope Clement III frees the Scottish Church from the jurisdiction of the Engish see of York.
Nonfiction: Great Learning (Ta hsüeh) by Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi) is a text on moral government restating the principle that the well-being of the realm is based on the character of the Chinese emperor.
Poetry: Collection of a Thousand Years (Senzaishu) is the seventh Japanese imperial anthology of poetry (date approximate). It has been compiled by poet Shunzei (or Toshinari) Fujiwara, 74, whose son Sadaie (or Teika), 26, is also a talented poet.
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