1198
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Richard the Lion-Hearted adopts "Dieu et mon droit" (God and my own right) as the motto of the royal arms of England at the Battle of Gisors. He asserts that he is no vassal of France but royal by God's grace and his own, but is forced to cede Gisors to France's Philippe II Augustus, along with the fortresses of Neaufles and Dangu (see 1194; 1199).
Ireland's last high king Roderic O'Connor dies in a monastery near Lough Corrib, County Galway.
The former Holy Roman Empress-consort Constance d'Hauteville dies at Palermo November 27 at age 44, having secured the imperial throne for her son Friedrich II.
Pope Celestine III dies at his native Rome January 8 at age 91 (approximate) after a reign of nearly 7 years. He is succeeded by Lotario dei Conti di Segni, 37, who is related through his mother, Claricia (née Scotti), to many noble Roman families and is elected after only two ballots; ordained a priest February 21, he is conducted on a white horse February 22 in a solemn procession that winds its way along the west bank of the Tiber amidst a great clanging of church bells and consecrated as bishop of Rome, becoming the most powerful man in Latin Christendom. "We are the successor of the Prince of the Apostles," he says in his sermon, "but we are not his vicar, nor the vicar of any man or Apostle, but the vicar of Jesus Christ himself." Innocent III begins a reign that will continue until his death in 1216.
The new pope Innocent III excommunicates France's Philippe II Augustus for repudiating his 1193 marriage to Ingeborg, 22-year-old sister of Denmark's Canute VI, to whom he took an almost instant dislike, but public opinion forces Philippe to effect a reconciliation with the pope.
Pope Innocent III excommunicates Norway's Sverrir Sigurdsson and the bishops who crowned him in 1190 (see 1196); Sverrir responds with a speech arguing that secular power is paramount to that of the Church (see 1199).
Germans gathered for a new crusade support the Teutonic Knights (House of the Hospitalers of St. Mary of the Teutons in Jerusalem) (see 1190). Headquarters of the order will remain at Acre until 1291, membership will be open only to Germans, and knighthood will be reserved for noblemen (see 1226).
The Islamic religious philosopher Averroës dies at Marrakech at age 72 (approximate), having defended the philosophical study of religion in opposition to theologians. He has written summaries and commentaries on most of Aristotle's works and on Plato's Republic.
1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
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In the year 1198
Transportation
The first documented European stanch, considered a predecessor of the lock, is installed over a ten-year period on the river Micio in Italy. A lock, or pound lock, is essentially two stanches placed close together so that one can be opened to let water in, then closed while the other is opened to let water out. In the process, a boat can move up or down with the water level more easily than over a stanch, for a stanch amounts to an artificial rapids. See also 1116 Transportation; 1373 Transportation.
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This article is about the year 1198.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 11th century – 12th century – 13th century |
| Decades: | 1160s 1170s 1180s – 1190s – 1200s 1210s 1220s |
| Years: | 1195 1196 1197 – 1198 – 1199 1200 1201 |
| 1198 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1198 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1198 MCXCVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1951 |
| Armenian calendar | 647 ԹՎ ՈԽԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5948 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -646–-645 |
| Bengali calendar | 605 |
| Berber calendar | 2148 |
| English Regnal year | 9 Ric. 1 – 10 Ric. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1742 |
| Burmese calendar | 560 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6706–6707 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁巳年十一月廿二日 (3834/3894-11-22) — to —
戊午年十二月初二日(3835/3895-12-2) |
| Coptic calendar | 914–915 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1190–1191 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4958–4959 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1254–1255 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1120–1121 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4299–4300 |
| Holocene calendar | 11198 |
| Iranian calendar | 576–577 |
| Islamic calendar | 594–595 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1198 MCXCVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3531 |
| Minguo calendar | 714 before ROC 民前714年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1741 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1198 |
Year 1198 (MCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Asia
- Emperor Tsuchimikado succeeds Emperor Go-Toba on the throne of Japan.
- July 14 – donation of Altavilla: Bohemond I, the new crusader ruler of Antioch grants commercial privileges and the right to use warehouses (fondaco) and the church of Saint John to the Republic of Genoa. This marks the beginning of Italian merchant settlements in the Levant.[1]
Europe
- March – Philip of Swabia is elected King of Germany by his supporters.
- July – Otto of Brunswick is crowned King of Germany by the House of Welf.
- Frederick II, infant son of German King Henry VI, is crowned King of Sicily.
- John of England captures a party of eighteen French knights & many men-at-arms in the ongoing conflict against France.[2] King Richard I of England introduces a new Great Seal in an attempt to keep the war against France funded. The government proclaims that charters previously struck with the old seal are no longer valid and must be renewed with a fresh payment.[3] The office of Lord Warden of the Stannaries is also introduced to tax the produce of tin mines in Cornwall and Devon.[4]
By topic
Religion
- January 8 – Pope Innocent III succeeds Pope Celestine III as the 176th pope. He immediately lays an interdict on Laon in an attempt to stamp out independent beliefs there. This will be followed by interdicts against France in 1199 and Normandy in 1203.
Births
- August 24 – King Alexander II of Scotland (d. 1249)
- date unknown
- Ertugrul, Turkish leader, father of Osman I (d. 1281)
- Ferdinand III of Castile (d. 1252)
- Sybilla of Lusignan, wife of Leo II of Armenia (d. c. 1230)
Deaths
- January 8 – Pope Celestine III (b. c. 1106)
- March 11 – Marie de Champagne, daughter of Louis VII of France (b. 1145)
- April 16 – Duke Frederick I of Austria (b. c. 1175)
- June 2 – Lord Ygo III of Galama, Frisian knight and nobleman (b. 1139)
- September 1 – Dulce, Queen of Portugal, wife of King Sancho I of Portugal (b. 1160)
- November 27 – Queen Constance of Sicily, wife of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1154)
- December 11 – Averroes, Arab philosopher and physician (b. 1126)
- date unknown
- Ruaidri Ua Conchobair, last High King of Ireland
- Alix of France, daughter of Louis VII of France (b. 1150)
- William III of Sicily (b. 1190)
- William of Newburgh, English historian (b. 1135)
References
- ^ Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 34. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
- ^ King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 47
- ^ King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 62
- ^ King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 124
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People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Mentioned in
Frederick II
(Holy Roman emperor and king of Sicily)
Innocent III
(Pope)
Kassel
(city of central Germany)
Alexander II
(in archaeology)
Ottocar I
(Bohemian king)
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