1202
Top
1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210
Contents: political eventsscience religion art consumer protection |
Pope Innocent III gives command of a Fourth Crusade to Boniface III, count of Montferrat, who gains support from Venice's doge Enrico Dandolo, now 94. The doge has abstained from earlier crusades because the Arabs are Venice's best customers, but he now sees potential for profit and agrees to provide ships for a maritime attack on Egypt provided that he receive 85,000 marks plus half of all booty. The crusaders gather at Venice but cannot raise the 85,000 marks. Dandolo finally agrees to transport them on condition that they first sack Zara on the Dalmatian coast, despite the fact that Zara is a Christian town held by the king of Hungary.
The crusaders sack Zara in November and are joined by Alexius, son of the deposed Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelus (see 1201). Western Europe has for centuries envied the wealth and luxury of the Byzantine Empire while deploring its excesses; taking advantage of their cupidity, Alexius makes large promises to the crusaders and persuades many of them to follow him to Constantinople and overthrow the usurper Alexius III (see 1203).
France's Philippe II Augustus confiscates Aquitaine, Anjou, and Poitu and gives these fiefs of England's John Lackland to John's nephew Arthur of Brittany. John's troops triumph over French forces at Mirabeau and young Arthur vanishes at Rouen, possibly murdered by order of John to block him from claiming the English throne.
Norway's Sverrir Sigurdsson dies at Bergen March 9 at age 52 (approximate) after a 25-year reign in which he has expanded the power of the monarchy, limited the privileges of the church, but stirred up civil revolts that will not be suppressed for another 15 years. His son succeeds to the throne and will reign until 1204 as Haakon III Sveresson.
Denmark's Canute VI dies at age 39 after a 20-year reign in which he has conquered Pomerania and personally led a crusade to Estonia. His 32-year-old brother succeeds him and will reign until his death in 1241 as Valdemar II, expanding Danish influence along the Baltic (see Norway, 1204).
Poland's high duke Mieszko III dies March 13 at age 75 (approximate), having been ousted in 1177 by a revolt of the country's landowners, restored in 1190, ousted again, and restored late in 1198 or early 1199. He is succeeded by Wladyslaw III Laskonogi, who will reign until 1207.
Ghiyas-ud-Din, sultan of Ghur, dies after a 29-year reign in which he and his younger brother Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad have extended Ghurid rule from Multan in Sind to Gaur in Bengal.
The Book of the Abacus (Liber Abaci) by Italian traveler-mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci (Leonardo da Pisa), 27, introduces Europe to Arabic numerals from North Africa and the zero from India (see 1000), making calculation much easier than with Roman numerals.
The papal bull Venerabilem asserts the Vatican's right to pass upon the fitness of any candidate elected to rule the Holy Roman Empire and to review disputed or irregular elections (see 1338).
Pope Innocent III excommunicates the Fourth Crusade following the sack of Zara.
Court jesters make their first appearance in European courts.
England enacts her first laws to regulate the price of bread and limit the amount of profit a baker may earn (see 1266).
1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
Top
In the year 1202
Mathematics
Liber abaci by Italian mathematician Fibonacci, or Leonard of Pisa, introduces zero to Europe and, in a problem about the reproduction of rabbits, the sequence of numbers known as the Fibonacci sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ..., for which each new number is found by adding the two preceding numbers. The sequence reappears throughout mathematics and nature, in such unlikely places as the pattern of seeds on a sunflower or leaves on an herb and is connected to the Golden Ratio (the limit of ratios of adjoining members), a ratio of length to width favored by artists and architects. See also 1220 Mathematics.
Top
This article is about the year 1202.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1170s 1180s 1190s – 1200s – 1210s 1220s 1230s |
| Years: | 1199 1200 1201 – 1202 – 1203 1204 1205 |
| 1202 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1202 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1202 MCCII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1955 |
| Armenian calendar | 651 ԹՎ ՈԾԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5952 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -642–-641 |
| Bengali calendar | 609 |
| Berber calendar | 2152 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Joh. 1 – 4 Joh. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1746 |
| Burmese calendar | 564 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6710–6711 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛酉年十二月初六日 (3838/3898-12-6) — to —
壬戌年十二月十六日(3839/3899-12-16) |
| Coptic calendar | 918–919 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1194–1195 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4962–4963 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1258–1259 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1124–1125 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4303–4304 |
| Holocene calendar | 11202 |
| Iranian calendar | 580–581 |
| Islamic calendar | 598–599 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1202 MCCII |
| Korean calendar | 3535 |
| Minguo calendar | 710 before ROC 民前710年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1745 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1202 |
Year 1202 (MCCII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Asia
- May 20 – An earthquake occurs in Syria.
- Genghis Khan crushes the Tartars.
Europe
- July – John of England rescues his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, from near capture by the rebellious forces of Arthur I, Duke of Brittany.[1]
- July 27 – Georgians defeat the Seljuqids of Rüm at the Battle of Basian.
- August 1 – Arthur of Brittany is captured in Mirabeau, north of Poitiers, during a battle with John of England.
- November 10–November 23 – Fourth Crusade – Siege of Zara: The Crusaders besiege and conquer Zara, Croatia.
- The Almohad fleet expels the Banu Ghaniya from the Balearic Islands.[2]
- The Livonian Brothers of the Sword is founded.
- Pope Innocent III reasserts his right to evaluate and crown the Holy Roman Emperor, in a letter to the duke of Zahringen.
- Leonardo Fibonacci writes Liber Abaci, about the modus Indorum, the numbering method of India; it is the first major work in Europe toward moving away from the use of Roman numerals.
By topic
Culture
- Leonardo Fibonacci publishes Liber Abaci, introducing the Arabian zero to Europe.
- (circa) The first jesters are hired in European courts.
- The chronicle of Roger of Wendover is of original value as of this year.
Religion
- The Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda is founded in Aragon Province, Spain.
Births
- Matilda II of Boulogne, Queen of Portugal, spouse of King Afonso III of Portugal (d. 1262)
- Margaret II of Flanders (d. 1278)
- Qin Jiushao, Chinese mathematician of the Song Dynasty (d. 1261)
Deaths
- January 9 – Birger Brosa, Swedish jarl since 1174
- March 9 – Sverre Sigurdsson, King of Norway since 1184
- March 13 – Mieszko III, king of Poland (b. c. 1121)
- May 7 – Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
- November 12 – Canute VI of Denmark (b. 1163)
- Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht
- Alain de Lille, French theologian and poet (b. c. 1128)
References
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:
Copyrights:
Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Read more
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Read more
