1210
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Sweden's former king Sverker II Karlsson is killed in battle at Gestilren, Västergötland, July 17 at age 50, having lost his throne 2 years ago.
Georgia's Queen Tamara has her revenge upon the emir of Ardabil, taking him by surprise, killing him along with 12,000 of his people, and carrying off thousands as slaves (see 1209). Her troops conduct daring raids into northern Persia, returning with booty from Marand in Azerbaijan, Tabriz, and Kazvin to her capital at Tiflis.
The Muslim ruler of Delhi Kuth-ud-Din Aibak (Qutb-ud-Din Aybak) dies from injuries sustained while playing polo (see 1206), but his son-in-law and ablest general Iltutmish will succeed him beginning next year, establish the independence of the Delhi sultanate, and rule until 1236; the slave dynasty founded by Kuth-ud-Din Aibakwill will rule until 1266 and be followed by five other slave dynasties that will rule until 1526 (see 1236).
The Albigensian crusader Simon de Montfort has the eyes of about 99 men gouged out in early April, their noses and upper lips are sliced off. Each man holds the shoulder of the man ahead of him, and the procession is headed by a man left with a single eye so that he may lead them from the town of Bram to the town of Cabaret in southern France (see 1209). Cabaret has become a center of resistance to Montfort, its angry young men have come to the defense of the Cathars, ambushed the French occupation forces, and retaken about 40 of the many castles that surrendered last year to the crusaders; Montfort arrives at the clifftop town of Minerve June 15, and his carpenters erect a huge catapult. The town is nearly demolished, its 140 "heretic" Cathars are ordered either to renounce their faith or be burned. Three women choose to live, and the others are burned at the stake July 22. Montfort then lays siege to hilltop castle of Termes high in the Corbières, and it surrenders in November (see 1211; politics, 1213).
Pope Innocent III excommunicates the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV November 18 but Otto proceeds to complete his conquest of southern Italy. The emperor's excommunication coalesces opposition by German princes, who enjoy the support of France's Philippe II Augustus, and Otto will be deposed late next year (see 1212).
Poetry: Tristan und Isolde by German poet Gottfried von Strassburg, who will die with his epic incomplete.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
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In the year 1210
Communication
The teaching of Aristotle's works is forbidden at the University of Paris since they might undermine Christianity. See also 1170 Communication; 1217 Astronomy.
ToolsSharaf al-Din al-Tusi invents the linear astrolabe, a simple device based on a marked rod, a plumb line, and a cord. Although not equal in precision to a regular astrolabe, it is simple to construct and use. See also 200 bce Astronomy; 1391 Tools.
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This article is about the year 1210.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1180s 1190s 1200s – 1210s – 1220s 1230s 1240s |
| Years: | 1207 1208 1209 – 1210 – 1211 1212 1213 |
| 1210 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1210 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1210 MCCX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1963 |
| Armenian calendar | 659 ԹՎ ՈԾԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5960 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -634–-633 |
| Bengali calendar | 617 |
| Berber calendar | 2160 |
| English Regnal year | 11 Joh. 1 – 12 Joh. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1754 |
| Burmese calendar | 572 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6718–6719 |
| Chinese calendar | 己巳年十二月初四日 (3846/3906-12-4) — to —
庚午年十二月十四日(3847/3907-12-14) |
| Coptic calendar | 926–927 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1202–1203 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4970–4971 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1266–1267 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1132–1133 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4311–4312 |
| Holocene calendar | 11210 |
| Iranian calendar | 588–589 |
| Islamic calendar | 606–607 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1210 MCCX |
| Korean calendar | 3543 |
| Minguo calendar | 702 before ROC 民前702年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1753 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1210 |
Year 1210 (MCCX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Asia
- Emperor Juntoku succeeds Emperor Tsuchimikado on the throne of Japan.
- Jochi, eldest son of Genghis Khan, leads a Mongol campaign against the Kyrgyz.
Europe
- July 17 – Former king Sverker the Younger of Sweden is defeated and killed by present king Erik Knutsson of Sweden in the Battle of Gestilren.
- The Delhi Sultanate begins.
- Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor is excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy.
- St Helen's Bishopsgate in London is founded.
- In England, king John raises £ 100,000 from church property as an extraordinary fiscal levy; the operation is described as an “inestimable and incomparable exaction” by contemporary sources.[1]
By topic
Arts and culture
- Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan (approximate date).
- 1210–1211 – Shazi makes Pen box, from Persia (Iran) or Afghanistan. It is now kept at Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C..
Nature
- September 24 – Venus occults Jupiter, the last such occurrence until 1570.
Religion
- Pope Innocent III gives oral permission to St. Francis to begin the Order of the Friars Minor.
Births
- May 5 – King Afonso III of Portugal (d. 1279)
- June 24 – Count Floris IV of Holland (d. 1234)
- July 22 – Joan of England, Queen consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (d. 1238)
- Ibn Nafis, Persian anatomist (d. 1288)
Deaths
- Lu You, Chinese poet (b. 1125)
- Jinul, Korean Buddhist philosopher
- July 17 – Sverker the Younger, king of Sweden 1196–1208 (b. in the 1160s) (in the Battle of Gestilren)
- Qutb-ud-din Aibak, first Muslim ruler of Delhi
References
- ^ Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". American Historical Review 8 (1).
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Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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