1213
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The German king Friedrich II gains papal support by a bull that he promulgates July 12 at Eger renouncing all lands claimed by the pope since the death of the emperor Heinrich VI in 1197. Friedrich's rival, Otto IV, has the support of his uncle John Lackland.
The English Parliament has its beginnings in the Council of St. Albans (see 1258; Magna Carta, 1215).
Pope Innocent III has a change of heart with regard to persecuting the Cathar "heretics" (see 1212). He writes to the monk Arnold Amaury in January that a crusade to the Holy Land must take precedence over the Algibensian crusade, but he writes a letter May 21 ordering a resumption of efforts to suppress the Cathar. Infantrymen from Toulouse lay siege August 30 to the town of Muret on the Garonne River. Simon de Montfort strips his other castles and forts to assemble a force of 800 heavily armed horsemen and 1,200 foot soldiers and archers. They reach the Garonne opposite the town September 11 after a forced march from Carcassonne. The Battle of Muret near Toulouse September 12 ends in victory for the Norman crusaders of Simon de Montfort after a terrible slaughter in which at least 7,000 men have been killed outright and thousands more drowned in the Garonne in their efforts to escape. Pedro II of Aragon has been the most powerful supporter of the Cathar "heretics" and is killed at age 39; his brother-in-law Raymond VI, comte de Toulouse, flees to the protection of his kinsman John Lackland at London; Pedro's 5-year-old son was betrothed 2 years ago to Montfort's daughter and is given into Montfort's hands. The young king will be put in the care of the Knights Templar at the insistence of Pope Innocent III, brought to Saragossa in 1216, and reign until 1276 as Jaime I, but the defeat of Pedro II will strengthen the power of French kings later in the century and help them extend their rule to the Pyrenees (see inquisition, 1233).
The archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton returns after years on the Continent and absolves John Lackland, who submits to Pope Innocent III. Both England and Ireland become papal fiefs.
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This article is about the year 1213.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1180s 1190s 1200s – 1210s – 1220s 1230s 1240s |
| Years: | 1210 1211 1212 – 1213 – 1214 1215 1216 |
| 1213 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1213 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1213 MCCXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1966 |
| Armenian calendar | 662 ԹՎ ՈԿԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5963 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -631–-630 |
| Bengali calendar | 620 |
| Berber calendar | 2163 |
| English Regnal year | 14 Joh. 1 – 15 Joh. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1757 |
| Burmese calendar | 575 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6721–6722 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬申年十二月初八日 (3849/3909-12-8) — to —
癸酉年十一月十八日(3850/3910-11-18) |
| Coptic calendar | 929–930 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1205–1206 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4973–4974 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1269–1270 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1135–1136 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4314–4315 |
| Holocene calendar | 11213 |
| Iranian calendar | 591–592 |
| Islamic calendar | 609–610 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1213 MCCXIII |
| Korean calendar | 3546 |
| Minguo calendar | 699 before ROC 民前699年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1756 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1213 |
Year 1213 (MCCXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
- May 15 – King John of England submits to Pope Innocent III, who in turn lifts the interdict of 1208.
- May 30 – Battle of Damme: The English fleet under William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury destroys a French fleet off the Belgian port, in the first major victory for the fledgling Royal Navy.
- September 12 – Battle of Muret: The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon are defeated by the Albigensian Crusade under Simon de Montfort.
- Jin China is overrun by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.
- Pope Innocent III issues a charter, calling for the Fifth Crusade to recapture Jerusalem.
- Mukhali seizes Mizhou and orders all the inhabitants massacred.
Births
- March 9 – Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (d. 1271)
- June 10 – Fakhruddin 'Iraqi, Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic
Deaths
- January 12 – Queen Tamar of Georgia (b. c. 1160)
- April 18 – Marie of Montpellier, Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon (b. 1182)
- September 12 – King Peter II of Aragon (killed in battle) (b. 1174)
- September 24 – Gertrude of Merania, wife of Andrew II of Hungary (murdered) (b. 1185)
- October 10 – Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine
- Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex
- Sharafeddin Tusi, Persian mathematician (b. 1135)
References
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Peter II
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