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Contents: human rights, social justiceexploration, colonization medicine religion education food availability food and drink |
The Japanese shōgun orders his people not to sell their children into slavery but poor farmers will continue for centuries to sell daughters, as will poor farmers in China, India, and many other parts of the world, in order to avoid losing their farms and, with them, the means to keep other members of the family alive.
Lübeck receives an imperial charter from the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II, whereupon a caravan of wagons leaves town for France and the Rhineland to buy wine.
A medical school is founded at Salerno by the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II, who decrees that the school's curriculum shall include 3 years of logic, 5 years of medicine, and 1 year of practice, with a diploma to be granted at the end of the 9 years. The school is directed by Nicolaus Praepositus, author of the first medieval pharmacopoeia the Antidotorium (see 1235).
Hungary amends her Golden Bull of 1222 to provide that no Jew or Muslim may hold public office.
The Lisbon-born Franciscan friar Antony of Padua dies near Verona June 13 at age 35 (approximate) while en route to Padua. A follower of Francis of Assisi, he has taught theology at Bologna, Montpelier, Toulouse, and Pue-en-Velay, gaining a reputation not only for his sermons but also as a miracle worker. Pope Gregory IX will canonize him next year.
England's Henry III decrees that students may remain at Cambridge only if they are studying under a recognized master (see 1209). Local citizens have complained that the town has many rebellious young men who claim to be students but are not. Students have complained that lodging-house owners charge exorbitant rates, and the king orders such rates be supervised by two masters and two honest townspeople, a system that will survive until 1856. Henry has invited students from the University of Paris to come to England. The standard course of study at Cambridge comprises classes in grammar, logic, astronomy, mathematics, geometry, and music; most of the masters are in holy orders of some sort, and examinations are in the form of oral disputations or debates, but there are no colleges as such (see Peterhouse, 1284).
Japan has a famine in the spring that will be followed by many similar famines in this century.
Lübeck's city fathers have wine from France and the Rhineland delivered to the deep cellars under the Rathaus. Czars and the Russian nobility will stock their cellars with wines from Lübeck, and French wines will come to be known as Rotsbon.
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