1236

1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240

political events

Córdoba surrenders to Castile and León's Ferdinand III June 29 after 5 centuries in Moorish hands. The city-state has flourished under the Moors, becoming a world center of medicine and learning.

England's Henry III, now 29, marries Eleanor of Provence, 13-year-old daughter of Raymond Berengar IV, comte de Provence. The generosity of Eleanor's brother-in-law, France's Louis IX, has enabled Henry to keep some of England's Continental territories despite repeated military losses.

Georgia's Queen Rusudani, 41, flees Tiflis as Mongol invaders ravish the once-great empire. She is the daughter of the late Tamara and was proclaimed "King of Kartli" upon the death of her brother Georgi.

The Delhi slave dynasty sultan Altamsh (or Iltumish) dies after a 25-year reign in which he has enlarged and strengthened the Muslim Empire of northern India, conquered the governors of Bengal and Sind, escaped destruction by the hordes of Genghis Khan (who stopped at the Indus), destroyed the capital (Ujjain) of the ancient Hindu kingdom of Vikramaditya, and built the Kutb Minar tower at Delhi. He is succeeded by his daughter Raziya (Raziy'yat-ud-din), who will rule until she is assassinated by her Hindu followers in 1240—the first Muslim woman to rule on the subcontinent (see 1988).

medicine

Anesthesia is pioneered by the Dominican friar Theodoric of Lucca, who teaches at Bologna. Son of a surgeon to the crusaders, Theodoric advocates the use of sponges soaked in a narcotic and applied to the nose in order to put patients to sleep before surgery, he favors use of the opiates mandragora and opium, and he recommends mercurial ointments for skin diseases.

literature

Bavarian knight-poet Neidhardt von Reuenthal dies after a career in which he has founded the popular lyric poetry of the German courts. He has been nicknamed Neidhardt Fuchs (the Fox) for his poems ridiculing the rude life and manners of rich German peasants.

1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240

This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations of additional sources. (November 2009)

Years: 1233 1234 1235 – 1236 – 1237 1238 1239

Decades: 1200s 1210s 1220s – 1230s – 1240s 1250s 1260s

Centuries: 12th century – 13th century – 14th century

1236 by topic

Politics

State leaders – Sovereign states

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments v • d • e

Art and literature

1236 in poetry v • d • e

1236 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1236 MCCXXXVI
Ab urbe condita	1989
Armenian calendar	685 ԹՎ ՈՁԵ
Bahá'í calendar	-608 – -607
Berber calendar	2186
Buddhist calendar	1780
Burmese calendar	598
Byzantine calendar	6744 – 6745
Chinese calendar	乙未年十一月廿一日 (3872/3932-11-21) — to — 丙申年十二月初二日 (3873/3933-12-2)
Coptic calendar	952 – 953
Ethiopian calendar	1228 – 1229
Hebrew calendar	4996 – 4997
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1291 – 1292
- Shaka Samvat	1158 – 1159
- Kali Yuga	4337 – 4338
Holocene calendar	11236
Iranian calendar	614 – 615
Islamic calendar	633 – 634
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3569
Thai solar calendar	1779
v • d • e

Contents 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Monarchs 5 References

Events

• January 14 – Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence.
• May 6 – Roger of Wendover, Benedictine monk and chronicler of St. Albans Abbey dies. His chronicle is continued by Matthew Paris.
• September 22 – Battle of Saule: The Lithuanians and Semigallians beat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword.
• Volga Bulgaria is conquered by Mongol khan Batu.
• Córdoba is retaken for Christianity as part of the Reconquista, and becomes a centre of activity against the remaining Islamic population.
• Razia al-Din accedes to the Sultanate of Delhi.
• Only 4 of 58 districts in Sichuan, China, are captured from the Southern Song by the Mongols under Ögedei. The population of Chengdu, roughly one million inhabitants, is summarily slaughtered after the Mongols take the city with little effort.
• A tournament at Tickhill in England turns into a battle between northerners and southerners, but peace is restored by the papal legate.^[1]

Births

• June 6 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese prime minister (d. 1283)

Deaths

• May 6 – Roger of Wendover, Benedictine monk and chronicler
• John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut (b. c. 1179)

Monarchs

• Aragon – James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276)
• Castile – Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252)

References

1. ^ David Hey, Medieval South Yorkshire

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