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Contents: political eventsarchitecture, real estate |
England's Henry III has his sister Eleanor married January 7 to Simon de Montfort, now 29, and thereby breaks Eleanor's vow of chastity, antagonizing the English nobility, who have not been consulted. Eleanor is the widow of the late William Marshal, 2nd earl of Pembroke; Montfort's paternal grandmother, Amicia, was the sister of the late Robert IV, the last Beaumont earl of Leicester, and when he died his lands were divided between Amicia and her younger sister Margaret, countess of Winchester. The late king John Lackland recognized the late Simon de Montfort as earl of Leicester but deprived him of the title in 1207 because he was a French citizen (see 1218). Henry will give his new brother-in-law the title earl of Leicester in April of next year (see 1239).
The Treaty of Stensby returns Estonia to Denmark after 11 years' rule by the Brotherhood of the Swords. In a deal mediated by a papal legate, the Teutonic Knights gain part of the country (see 1248).
Novgorod elects Aleksandr Yaroslavich to the rank of prince, making him the city's military commander. An 18-year-old son of Varoslav II Vsevolodovich, grand duke of Vladimir, Aleksandr next year will marry the daughter of the prince of Polotsk and will be called Nevski after his victory on the Neva River in 1240.
The Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II fails in an attempt to take Brescia from the second Lombard League. Pope Gregory IX has taken alarm at a projected marriage between Friedrich's illegitimate son Enzio and Adelasia, heiress to Sardinia, and has made an alliance with the Lombard League.
Valencia's capital city surrenders September 28 to Aragon's Jaime I, now 30, who launched a campaign against Valencia's Saracen rulers 5 years ago. Aragonese forces will occupy various towns in the kingdom, while Castilian forces will occupy other towns (see 1244).
France's Louis IX rebuilds Foulque Castle at Angers in slate on a white stone foundation.
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