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Contents: political eventsreligion education sports |
England's barons express anger at what they call preference given by Henry III to foreigners, including Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester. A committee of 12 men, who include the earl, is appointed to deal with the crisis.
Aragon and Castile sign a treaty defining the borders of their respective holdings in the former kingdom of Valencia (see 1238).
Muslim mercenaries of the Egyptian pasha Khwarazmi recapture Jerusalem August 23 and sack the city. The action of these nomadic Khorezmian Turks will inspire a Seventh Crusade, but Jerusalem will remain in Egyptian hands until 1517 and in Muslim hands until 1918. A Turkish-Egyptian army routs the Latins at Gaza October 17.
Negotiations between the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II and Pope Innocent IV collapse during the summer and the pope flees to Lyons, where he enjoys the protection of France's Louis IX (see 1245).
Crusaders sanctioned by France's Louis IX capture and destroy the Cathar stronghold of Montségur, a great fortress near the Pyrenees (see 1243). The persecution of Cathars has gone on for more than 30 years, many of them flee to the Italian states where the persecution is less consistent, and the movement goes underground, but the last Cathar will not be executed until 1321 (see 1309).
Rome University has its beginnings.
England holds her first Dunmow Flitch archery competition.
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