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Contents: political eventsexploration, colonization literature |
The Welsh prince Llywelyn ap Gruffud seizes the lands of his brother Owain and embarks on an effort to revive the state of Gwynedd's supremacy over all of Wales (see 1240; 1258).
England's Henry III accepts Sicily for his 10-year-old son Edmund (Crouchback), earl of Lancaster, who has been given the title King of Sicily by the new pope Alexander IV.
The Bulgarian czar Michael II Asen invades Thrace and Macedonia early in the year but is defeated by the Nicaean forces of Theodore II Lascaris (see 1256).
The Mali king Sundiata Keita dies at Timbuktu after a long reign in which he has made his empire the largest and richest in sub-Saharan Africa, with copper mines at Takedda, salt mines at Taghaza, and gold mines at Bure.
Königsberg is founded by German settlers.
Poetry: Frauendienst by German lyric poet Ulrich von Lichtenstein, 55, is an autobiographical novel in verse containing minnesongs about chivalry.
Italian poet and Franciscan monk Thomas of Celano dies at age 55, leaving behind 18 rhymed stanzas that will constitute lyrics to the hymn "Dies Irae" ("Days of Wrath").
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