1265

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1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270

Contents:

political events
religion
music
food and drink

political events

The new pope Clement IV induces Charles d'Anjou to accept the kingdom of the Sicily as a papal fief, offering conditions even more favorable than those offered by Pope Urban IV in 1263. He grants Charles all the privileges of a crusade; Charles sails for Rome. He narrowly escapes capture by the fleet of the Sicilian king Manfred but reaches Rome safely and is crowned by the pope.

England's Prince Edward escapes from his custodians at Hereford in May (Whitsuntide) with help from Gilbert de Clare, 8th earl of Gloucester. Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, has tried to make up for his lack of baronial support by summoning representatives of the shires and boroughs to Parliament, but although he has attempted to rule through elected councilors and a parliament that includes country knights and burgesses as well as great noblemen, his military dictatorship has antagonized the country. Edward gains support from lords of the Welsh march who are still at arms, and he kills Leicester August 4 at Evesham (some 3,000 barons, knights, and infantry are killed by the royal army, which loses about 2,000 killed and wounded). Dead at age 57 (approximate), Leicester is buried in the abbey at Evesham. Richard, earl of Cornwall, is released from imprisonment at Kenilworth (see Dictum of Kenilworth, 1266); Edward will dictate government policy for the remaining 7 years of his father's reign.

The Mongol khan Hülegü dies and is succeeded by his son Abagha, who will rule Persia until his death in 1282.

religion

Gui Cardinal Foulques (Guido Fulcodi) is elected pope in absentia February 5 while on a diplomatic mission to England, succeeding the late Pope Urban IV. He is consecrated February 15 and will reign until 1268 as Clement IV.

music

The motet musical form developed by Franco of Cologne and Pierre de la Croix will not reach mature form until the 16th century.

food and drink

London's Covent Garden market has its beginnings in a fruit and vegetable stand set up on the north side of the highway between London and Westminster by monks of St. Peter's Abbey. They begin to sell produce from their garden that exceed the requirements of their Westminster Abbey (see commerce, 1552).

1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270


Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 12th century13th century14th century
Decades: 1230s  1240s  1250s  – 1260s –  1270s  1280s  1290s
Years: 1262 1263 126412651266 1267 1268
1265 by topic
Politics
State leaders – Sovereign states
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BirthsDeaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1265 in poetry
1265 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1265
MCCLXV
Ab urbe condita 2018
Armenian calendar 714
ԹՎ ՉԺԴ
Assyrian calendar 6015
Bahá'í calendar -579–-578
Bengali calendar 672
Berber calendar 2215
English Regnal year 49 Hen. 3 – 50 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar 1809
Burmese calendar 627
Byzantine calendar 6773–6774
Chinese calendar 甲子年十二月十三日
(3901/3961-12-13)
— to —
乙丑年十一月廿三日
(3902/3962-11-23)
Coptic calendar 981–982
Ethiopian calendar 1257–1258
Hebrew calendar 5025–5026
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1321–1322
 - Shaka Samvat 1187–1188
 - Kali Yuga 4366–4367
Holocene calendar 11265
Iranian calendar 643–644
Islamic calendar 663–664
Japanese calendar
Julian calendar 1265    MCCLXV
Korean calendar 3598
Minguo calendar 647 before ROC
民前647年
Thai solar calendar 1808
The Byzantine Empire and surrounding lands in 1265.

Year 1265 (MCCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Mentioned in

Dantesque (architecture)
Montfort, Simon de (French-born English nobleman)
Matthew of Westminster (English non-fiction writer & theologian)
Duns Scotus, John (Scottish Franciscan friar)