1285
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The Angevin king of Sicily Carlos I (Charles d'Anjou) dies at Foggia January 7 at age 58 as he prepares to invade Sicily again with a new fleet from Provence. His son Charles the Lame, 34, remains a prisoner of the king of Aragon but beginning in 1289 will reign until 1309 as Carlos II (but see 1291).
France's Philippe III invades Aragon in an effort to dethrone Pedro III but suffers a disastrous defeat and dies of plague at Perpignan October 5 at age 40 while retreating from Gerona. Philippe the Bold is succeeded after a 15-year reign by his 17-year-old son, who will rule until 1314 as Philippe IV in one of the nation's most momentous reigns.
Pedro III (Pedro el Grande) of Aragon dies at Villafranca del Panades, Catalonia, November 11 at age 46 after a 9-year reign, having repelled the French invasion of his realm. Famous for his prodigious strength and commanding presence, he is succeeded in Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia by his 20-year-old son, who will reign weakly until his death in 1291 as Alfonso III, and in Sicily by his son Jaime, 21 (see 1291).
The plague that kills Philippe III turns the French back from their march into Aragon, killing most of the army's officers and many of the men as well as the king.
Pope Martin IV dies at Perugia March 28 after a 4-year reign and is succeeded April 2 by the aged and crippled Rome-born Giacomo Cardinal Savelli, a grandnephew of the late Urban IV, who will reign until 1287 as Honorius IV.
Smog problems develop as Londoners burn soft coal for heat and cooking (see Newcastle, 1233). City officials appoint a commission to study the problem (see 1306).
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
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In the year 1285
Construction
Edward I of England builds Caernarfon Castle in Wales as part of his second campaign to subdue the Welsh. See also 1180 Construction; 1286 Construction.
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This article is about the year 1285.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1250s 1260s 1270s – 1280s – 1290s 1300s 1310s |
| Years: | 1282 1283 1284 – 1285 – 1286 1287 1288 |
| 1285 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1285 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1285 MCCLXXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2038 |
| Armenian calendar | 734 ԹՎ ՉԼԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6035 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -559–-558 |
| Bengali calendar | 692 |
| Berber calendar | 2235 |
| English Regnal year | 13 Edw. 1 – 14 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1829 |
| Burmese calendar | 647 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6793–6794 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲申年十一月廿五日 (3921/3981-11-25) — to —
乙酉年十二月初五日(3922/3982-12-5) |
| Coptic calendar | 1001–1002 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1277–1278 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5045–5046 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1341–1342 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1207–1208 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4386–4387 |
| Holocene calendar | 11285 |
| Iranian calendar | 663–664 |
| Islamic calendar | 683–684 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1285 MCCLXXXV |
| Korean calendar | 3618 |
| Minguo calendar | 627 before ROC 民前627年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1828 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1285 |
Year 1285 (MCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Africa
- Mansa Sakura usurps the throne of the Mali Empire
Asia
- April 25 – Mamluk sultan Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in present-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
- Tran Hung Dao leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Mongol army of the Yuan dynasty.
Europe
- January 6 – Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland and fostering a national identity.
- September 4 – Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France in a naval battle off of Barcelona.
- The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.
- The Second Statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the famous clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
By topic
Arts
- The English romantic poem The Lay of Havelok the Dane is written (approximate date).
Markets
- First record of an emission of life annuities by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).[1]
- The county of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France, the region looses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.[2]
Religion
- April 2 – Pope Honorius IV succeeds Pope Martin IV as the 190th pope.
Births
- March 9 – Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (d. 1308)
- May 1 – Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1326)
- December 6 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile (d. 1312)
- Al-Nasr Muhammad, sultan of Egypt (d. 1341)
- Ziauddin Barani, historian and political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate (d. 1357)
- Patrick Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar (d. 1369)
Deaths
- March 24 – Daumantas, Grand Prince of Lithuania
- March 28 – Pope Martin IV
- May 13 – Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros
- May 20 – John II of Jerusalem, King of Cyprus (b. 1259)
- October 5 – King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
- November 11 – King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239)
- Tile Kolup, German imposter of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Philip I of Savoy (b. 1207)
- Rutebeuf, French troubadour
- King Charles I of Sicily (b. 1227)
References
- ^ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 18725155.
- ^ Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506774-6.
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Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Mentioned in
Year 1287
(in Science & Technology)
nonomino
(mathematics)
Ockham, William of
(English scholastic philosopher)
Philip IV
(King of France and of Navarre)
Valois
(historical region and former duchy)
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