1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300
Contents: political eventscommerce architecture, real estate |
The Scottish patriot William Wallace begins soliciting French, Norwegian, and papal intervention in behalf of his country against England. Pope Boniface VIII persuades England's Edward I to release John de Balliol and his son Edward from captivity and let them move to France.
Norway's Erik II Magnusson (the Priest Hater) dies after a 19-year reign in which secular magnates have controlled the central power. He is succeeded by his brother, who determines to regain the royal prerogative and will reign until 1319 as Haakon V Magnusson.
A French fleet under the command of the Genoese admiral Benedetto Zaccaria blockades Flanders, whose people are supporting England's Edward I against France's Philippe IV (see 1294).
India's second Khalji dynasty sultan Ala-ud-Din subjugates Gujarat and prepares to move against Rajasthan as he imposes harsh measures on the officials and rural potentates who share his economic and political power (see 1296; 1301).
Rotterdam begins its rise to a position of importance. Jan van Avesnes (Jan II), count of Holland and Zeeland, grants the people of the Dutch port town the same rights as those enjoyed by the burghers of Beverwijk and Haarlem. Rotterdam expands the English trade that will help it become the leading Dutch commercial center and the third largest port on the Continent (see 1632).
Construction begins at Florence on a palace designed by Arnolfo di Cambio (see 1295). The front section of the Palazzo Vecchio will be completed in 1315 (see 1592).
1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300
