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Contents: political eventsreligion |
England's Edward II journeys to France and on January 25 marries Isabella, 15, daughter of Philippe IV, while his court favorite Piers Gaveston rules as regent at home. Gaveston marries the king's niece Margaret of Gloucester and receives the earldom of Cornwall.
France steps up her attack on the Knights Templar with an appeal to the Estates-General. Pope Clement V is obliged to cooperate, and torture is used to force confessions that will result in the abolishment of the order in 1312.
The Teutonic Knights seize the city of Gdansk at the mouth of the Vistula River on the Baltic Sea, massacre its inhabitants, and will hold it until 1466. Losing Gdansk cuts the reunited Polish kingdom off from the Baltic and strips it also of eastern Pomerania and Silesian Wroclaw, a developed province with some 20,000 inhabitants.
Albrecht I of Austria refuses demands by his nephew Johann, 18, for Johann's hereditary domains and is murdered at Brugg, Switzerland, May 1 by conspirators organized by Johann (the Parricide), who flees to the south (he will be arrested at Pisa in 1312 and executed the following year). Now 58, Albrecht has been German king since 1298 and is succeeded by the count of Luxembourg, 39, who is elected king November 27. He will be crowned emperor in 1311 and reign until 1313 as Heinrich VII. Albrecht's handsome son Friedrich, 22, becomes head of the house of Hapsburg and duke of Austria (see 1309).
Delhi's second Khalji sultan Ala-ud-Din (Juna Khan) sends his lieutenant Malik Kafur south on a plundering expedition that will soon lead to the capture of Warangal (see 1303; 1311).
Franciscan realist philosopher and scholastic theologian John Duns Scotus dies at Cologne November 8 at age 42 (approximate), having maintained that theology is a practical science of God and that man's ultimate goal is union with the divine Trinity through love. His 23-year-old student François de Meyronnes will carry on the Scotsman's teachings of the Immaculate Conception (that Jesus of Nazareth's mother, Mary, was conceived without original sin), that will is superior to intellect and love of knowledge (philosophy), that heaven consists in essence of beatific love rather than a vision of God, and that the Incarnation is not dependent on the fact that man has sinned.
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