1309

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political events

Scotland's Robert I convenes his first parliament (see 1307). Only his supporters attend, but those supporters will soon grow in number as Scotsmen rally to the cause and achieve spectacular victories over the English (see 1313).

Carlo II of Naples dies at Naples May 5 at age 59 (approximate) after a 20-year reign in which he has been forced to give up all claims to Sicily. He is succeeded by his cultivated son Roberto, 34, who will reign until 1343, fighting the Ghibellines on behalf of the popes and supporting writers such as Petrarch.

Friedrich der Schöne (Frederick the Handsome), duke of Austria, and his brothers renounce the Hapsburg claim to Bohemia under terms of a treaty signed at Speyer with the new German king Heinrich VII that provides them with 50,000 silver marks (see 1308). Friedrich will soon quarrel with his cousin Ludwig IV of Upper Bavaria over the wardship of Lower Bavaria's young Heinrich III (see 1313).

Brandenburg's margraves sell Danzig, Dirschau, and Schwetz to the Teutonic Knights for 10,000 silver marks (see 1277; 1311).

religion

The Babylonian Exile of the papacy that will last until 1377 begins at Avignon, an enclave in papal territory within France. Clement V moves the papal court to Avignon in Provence at the request of his friend Philippe IV, his predecessor having been exiled by the anarchy at Rome. He will create a majority of French cardinals in order to assure a line of French popes; the Avignonese papacy will embrace seven pontificates.

French soldiers seal off the village of Montaillon September 8 and arrest all of its inhabitants by order of the inquisitor Geoffrey d'Ablis, who has detected a revival of the Cathar "heresy" (see 1244). It will later be found that a majority of the villagers are Cathars (see 1310).

architecture, real estate

Venetians begin construction of a doge's palace that will not be completed until 1483.

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