1313

1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320

political events

Former Scottish king John de Balliol dies in April at the Château Gaillard in Normandy, having been released from the Tower of London in July 1299 through papal intervention. Scotland's Robert I has received help from his only surviving brother, Edward, to defeat John Comyn, earl of Buchan (a cousin of the late John "the Red") and captures Perth from its English garrison (see 1307). James Douglas and Thomas Randolph go on to occupy Galloway, Douglasdale, the forest of Selkirk, and most of Scotland's eastern borders (see Bannockburn, 1314).

The Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich VII of Luxembourg dies at Buonconvento near Siena August 24 at age 38 (approximate). Stricken with fever while en route with Venetian allies to attack Roberto of Naples, he is buried in Pisa Cathedral (see 1314).

Nobles of Lower Bavaria call in Austria's Friedrich the Handsome to support them against the claims of Ludwig IV, duke of Upper Bavaria, but Ludwig defeats him at Gammelsdorf November 9.

communications, media

Chinese magistrate Wang Shen has a craftsman carve more than 60,000 characters on movable wooden blocks to permit publication of a treatise on the history of technology (see 1041; Korea, 1234). Wang will be credited with inventing horizontal compartmented cases that revolve about a vertical axis to permit easy selection of any desired type, but his innovations will not be pursued in China (see 1381; Korea, 1403)

literature

Nonfiction: De monarchia by Dante Alighieri is a treatise on the need for the dominance of royal power in secular affairs.

agriculture

The Chinese book Nung Shu on agriculture by Wang Shen is a survey of farming since the agrarian revolution that began in the Sung dynasty.

1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320

Communication

Wang Chen develops printing techniques and has over 60,000 Chinese characters made from hardwood at his disposal. Using these, he prints his Treatise of Agriculture. See also 1041 Communication; 1440 Communication.

The first mention of a firearm in Western writing is of an "iron pot" or "vase," about which little else is known. The manufacturer may have been a German monk named Bernard Schwarz. Despite the name, it is thought that these early protocannon were mostly made from wooden or iron staves bound together with hoops, like a barrel. See also 1288 Tools; 1347 Tools.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	13th century – 14th century – 15th century
Decades:	1280s  1290s  1300s  – 1310s –  1320s  1330s  1340s
Years:	1310 1311 1312 – 1313 – 1314 1315 1316

1313 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology – Architecture –

Art – Literature – Music – Science

Leaders:   State leaders – Colonial governors

Category: Establishments – Disestablishments

Births – Deaths – Works v • d • e

Year 1313 (MCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Contents 1 Events of 1313 1.1 Undated 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 References

Events of 1313

• November 9 – Battle of Gamelsdorf: Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria.

Undated

• The Siege of Rostock ends.
• Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia founds the Banjska monastery.
• Wang Zhen, Chinese agronomist, government official, and inventor of wooden-based movable type printing, publishes the Nong Shu (Book of Agriculture).

An example of themes, motifs and symbols from the Divine Comedy (ca. 1304–1321) in a World Heritage Site, Quinta da Regaleira, immersed in Templar, Rosicrucian and Masonic tradition.^[1]

• Foundation of the legendary Order of the Rose Cross – Rosicrucian Order – an Esoteric Christian fraternity, according to the Rosicrucian Fellowship,^[2] and for the first time expounded in the major Christian literary work Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia, written by Dante Alighieri between 1304 and 1321), according to major masonic and occult writers.^{[3] [4] [5]}

1313 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1313 MCCCXIII
Ab urbe condita	2066
Armenian calendar	762 ԹՎ ՉԿԲ
Bahá'í calendar	-531 – -530
Berber calendar	2263
Buddhist calendar	1857
Burmese calendar	675
Byzantine calendar	6821 – 6822
Chinese calendar	壬子年十二月初四日 (3949/4009-12-4) — to — 癸丑年十二月十四日 (3950/4010-12-14)
Coptic calendar	1029 – 1030
Ethiopian calendar	1305 – 1306
Hebrew calendar	5073 – 5074
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1368 – 1369
- Shaka Samvat	1235 – 1236
- Kali Yuga	4414 – 4415
Holocene calendar	11313
Iranian calendar	691 – 692
Islamic calendar	712 – 713
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3646
Thai solar calendar	1856
v • d • e

Births

• June 16 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (d. 1375)
• July 20 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (d. 1367)
• August 1 – Emperor Kogon (died 1364)
• August 13 – Aradia di Toscano, female messianic figure in Italian witchcraft
• date unknown
  • Maria of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (d. 1357)
  • Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Italian law professor (d. 1357)

Also see Category:1313 births.

Deaths

• March – Guillaume de Nogaret, councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France
• June 18 – John de Burgh (b. 1286)
• August 24 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1275)
• September 3 – Anna of Bohemia (b. 1290)
• September 16 – Notburga, Austrian saint (b. 1265)

• November 18 – Constance of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (b. 1290)
• date unknown
  • Arnaldus de Villa Nova, alchemist (b. 1235)
  • Giorgi VI the Minor, King of Georgia
  • John Schorne, rector of North Marston in the English county of Buckinghamshire
  • Hugo von Trimberg, German Catholic didactic author of the Middle Ages
  • Robert Winchelsey, Christian theologian and Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1245)

Also see Category:1313 deaths.

References

1. ^ Further study: Anes, José Manuel, PhD, 33º. Scottish Rite, Os Jardins Iniciáticos da Quinta da Regaleira, Ed. Ésquilo, Lisbon, Nov. 2005
2. ^ The Rosicrucian Fellowship (founded 1909): The Rosicrucian Interpretation of Christianity
3. ^ Albert Pike, Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, XXX: Knight Kadosh, p. 822, 1872
4. ^ René Guénon, El Esoterismo de Dante, p. 5–6, 14, 15–16, 18–23, 1925
5. ^ Manly Palmer Hall, The Secret Teachings of All Ages: The Fraternity of The Rose Cross, p. 139, 1928

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