1316

1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320

political events

France's Louis X dies suddenly at Vincennes June 5 at age 26 after an 18-month reign. His posthumous son Jean, born November 15, briefly succeeds Louis "the Quarreler" (le Hutin) but dies November 22. Louis's brother Philippe, 22, proclaims himself king and will reign until 1322 as Philippe V.

Pisan nobleman Gaddo Gherardesca, conte di Donoratico, overthrows the city-state's tyrant Uguccione della Faggiuola and will govern the city justly and moderately until his death in 1320. The Gherardesca family will rule Pisa's signoria until 1347.

Lithuania's prince Witen dies and is succeeded by his brother (or possibly his servant) Gedymin, who inherits a domain that extends from the Baltic to Minsk but is controlled largely by the Teutonic Knights and by the Livonian Knights of the Sword. Gedymin will marry his daughter Anastasia to Muscovy's Grand Duke Simeon. He will marry another daughter to the son of Poland's Wladyslaw Lokietek, marry his son Lubart to the daughter of the prince of Halicz-Vladimir, and by thus gaining powerful allies assist the republic of Pskov in breaking away from Great Novgorod and joining with Lithuania to create a vast country ruled from the capital that Gedymin will establish at Vilna in 1321.

Delhi's second Khalji dynasty sultan Ala-ud-Din (Juna Khan) dies after a 20-year reign in which he has used severe measures to raise revenues by taxation, abridging the power of former ruling chiefs who in earlier years had avoided taxation by offering tribute (see 1311). His lieutenant Malik Kafur tries to usurp the throne but is murdered by palace guards; the late sultan's third son blinds his father's 6-year-old son; and Ala-ud-Din is succeeded by an older son, who will reign until his own murder in 1320 as Qutb-ud-Din. The former rural elite begins to reemerge in the wake of Al-ud-Din's death

religion

French cardinal Jacques Duèse wins election as pope at Lyons August 7 to succeed the late Clement V and establishes the papal court at Avignon on a permanent basis. He will reign until his death in 1334 as Pope John XXII. Eight Dominicans sent to Ethiopia by the new pope check on rumors of a Christian king named Prester John (see 1459).

literature

Mystic-poet Ramon Llull dies at age 83 (year and age approximate), having by some accounts been stoned to death at (or near) Tunis or at sea while en route to his native Majorca, where he is buried (see 1376).

agriculture

English farmers have their second consecutive year of cool weather, dark skies, and heavy rains, diminishing the size of their harvests to alarming levels, producing widespread hunger, and lowering the people's resistance to disease. The climatic change will continue until the late 15th century.

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