1322

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political events

France's Philippe V dies at Longchamp January 2 at age 28 after a 6-year reign in which he has ended a war with Flanders and inflicted heavy taxes on French Jews, extorting 150,000 livres from the Jews of Paris alone. Philippe is succeeded by his 27-year-old brother, who will reign until 1328 as Charles IV, last of the direct line of Capetian kings.

The accession of Charles IV establishes in principle the Salic law adopted 5 years ago that the French throne can pass only through males; it excludes England's 9-year-old prince Edward, grandson of France's late Philippe IV.

England's Edward II recalls Hugh le Despenser from exile and makes war against the barons (see 1321). He defeats Thomas Lancaster, 2nd earl of Lancaster, earl of Leicester, and earl of Derby, in March at Boroughbridge, 22 miles northwest of York, and has him beheaded near his castle at Pontefract, Yorkshire, March 22 at age 43. Edward restores Hugh le Despenser as his counselor and makes him earl of Winchester (but see 1326).

Milan's political leader Matteo Visconti dies June 24 at age 71, having established overlordship in cities throughout Lombardy (see 1310). He is survived by his sons Galeazzo, Luchino, Stefano, Marco, and Giovanni; Galeazzo, 45, will continue Matteo's struggle against popes and Guelphs.

The Battle of Mühldorf in Bavaria September 28 ends in victory for the German king Ludwig IV, largely through the timely aid of Friedrich IV of Hohenzollern, burgrave of Nuremberg (see 1314). Friedrich the Handsome, duke of Austria, is taken prisoner and confined to the castle of Trausnitz in the upper Palatinate (see 1325).

music

Pope John XXII forbids use of counterpoint in Church music.

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