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Contents: political eventsexploration, colonization commerce religion |
Portugal's Diniz (the Worker) dies childless January 7 at age 64 after a 46-year reign that has raised the cultural level of the Portuguese court and brought prosperity through agricultural and economic development. He is succeeded by his 35-year-old brother Afonso, who will reign until 1357 as Afonso IV.
England's queen Isabelle travels to France and arranges the marriage of her son Edward, 12, to Philippa of Hainault, 11.
The German king Ludwig IV of Bavaria releases Friedrich the Handsome, duke of Austria, from imprisonment in March after Friedrich takes an oath recognizing Louis as king and swearing to see that his brother Leopold will do likewise (see 1322); when he finds it impossible to get Leopold to take the oath, Friedrich returns voluntarily to prison; Ludwig accepts him as co-regent in September, Leopold will die in February of next year and attempts at joint rule will not succeed.
The Byzantine emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus recognizes his grandson as co-emperor and gives Andronicus III Palaeologus control of Thrace and Macedonia (see 1320; 1328).
Delhi's Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlak is murdered by his son after a vigorous 5-year rule. He is succeeded by the parricide, who will reign until 1351 as Mohammed Tughlak.
Timbuktu falls to the Mali emperor Mansa Musa I (Kan Kan Mussa) who has reigned since 1307. Founded by the Tuareg Imashagan in the 11th century, the city is located at the point where the Niger River flows northward into the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. This site has made it a center of Islamic learning as well as an important nexus for the trade in gold and salt (see 1433).
Mexico City has its beginnings in the city of Tenochtitlan founded by Aztecs in Lake Texcoco. The Aztec empire that now begins to arise is the culmination of a history that has seen Olmec, Teotihuacan, and Toltec cultures come and go (see 1521).
Mali's Mansa Musa I makes a pilgrimage to Mecca with 60,000 porters and 80 camels, each animal carrying 300 pounds of gold from the Niger, Gambia, and Senegal rivers. The king is accompanied also by 500 slaves attired in brocade and Persian silk and bearing golden staffs.
Tangiers-born Arab scholar (Abu abd Allah Muhammad) Ibn Battutah, 21, undertakes a pilgrimage to fulfill his religious duty and continue his education by studying under Islamic teachers in the Near East. He will reach Mecca next year, cross the Arabian desert to Mesopotamia, spend the years 1327 to 1330 at Mecca and Medina, but then embark from Jidda with some followers and travel down along the eastern African coast, visiting various ports before crossing the Persian Gulf back to Mecca in 1332 (see 1333).
Illiterate Cathar "heretic" Prous Boneta is arrested at Montpelier, made to confess before the Inquisition at Carcassonne, and burnt at the stake there August 6 (see 1310).
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