1354

1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360

political events

England resumes the Hundred Years' War after an interruption caused by the plague that will be called the Black Death. The English will ravage Languedoc in the next 2 years, meet little opposition, and reduce the prestige of the French crown.

Cola di Rienzo receives the title senator from Pope Innocent VI, the pope sends him to Rome with the papal legate Cardinal Albornoz and a few mercenaries, he enters the city to wild acclaim in August, and the Romans restore him to his position as tribune (see 1352), but his heavy drinking and large paunch soon take their toll, rioting breaks out October 8 with an ugly mob shouting, "Death to the tyrant." Rienzo tries to address the mob with pleas that he, too, is a plebeian. The mob stones him and sets the building ablaze. Rienzo cuts off his beard in an effort to disguise himself as a woman, but he is murdered at age 41 while trying to escape.

Venetians elect naval hero Marino Faliero doge in September as he negotiates with Pope Innocent VI to resolve Venice's dispute with Genoa (see 1353), but Faliero is now 80; Genoese admiral Paganino Doria surprises the Venetian admiral Niccolo Pisani and defeats him at the Battle of Sapienza at Porto Longe in November, capturing him and his entire fleet. Faliero is obliged to negotiate a 4-month truce (see 1355).

Milan's leader Giovanni Visconti dies at age 64 after a 5-year rule, leaving territories that extend from Lake Como to the upper Ticino, from Novara to Allesandria, from Bergamo to Lake Garda, and from Lodi to Bologna. His nephews Matteo II, Galeazzo II, and Bernabo divide his vast possessions and will mediate the war between Venice and Genoa (see 1355).

The Bohemian king Charles of Luxembourg leads an army into Italy to gain recognition for the House of Luxembourg (see 1355).

The Byzantine emperor John VI Cantacuzenus crowns his son Matthew co-emperor, but the co-emperor John V Palaeologus appeals to Venice for help (see 1347; 1355).

Ottoman forces take the Gallipoli peninsula and spread through Thrace.

exploration, colonization

Traveler Ibn Battutah returns to his native Tangiers after a 29-year journey that has taken him as far east as China and Sumatra (see 1353). Now 50, he settles at Fez and begins dictating an account of his travels at the request of the Marini sultan Abu Inan. The city of Hangzhou (Hangchow), he says, is "the greatest I have ever seen on the surface of the earth. It is three days' journey in length" and divided into quarters inhabited by Jews, Christians, and Muslims who trade with the Chinese.

architecture, real estate

Granada's Alhambra Palace is completed on a 35-acre plateau after 106 years of work begun in the reign of the Moor Al Ahmar. Enclosed by a fortified wall, the palace is flanked by 13 towers.

1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360

Tools

The mechanical clock in Strasbourg Cathedral is built. On top of the tower is a mechanical cock that flaps its wings and crows at twelve o'clock (the cock still exists in the Strasbourg Museum). Around this time clocks are also installed in Padua, Genoa, Bologna, and Ferrara. See also 1330 Tools; 1386 Tools.

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Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	13th century – 14th century – 15th century
Decades:	1320s  1330s  1340s  – 1350s –  1360s  1370s  1380s
Years:	1351 1352 1353 – 1354 – 1355 1356 1357

1354 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology – Architecture –

Art – Literature – Music – Science

Leaders:   State leaders – Colonial governors

Category: Establishments – Disestablishments

Births – Deaths – Works v • d • e

1354 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1354 MCCCLIV
Ab urbe condita	2107
Armenian calendar	803 ԹՎ ՊԳ
Bahá'í calendar	-490 – -489
Berber calendar	2304
Buddhist calendar	1898
Burmese calendar	716
Byzantine calendar	6862 – 6863
Chinese calendar	癸巳年十二月初七日 (3990/4050-12-7) — to — 甲午年十二月十七日 (3991/4051-12-17)
Coptic calendar	1070 – 1071
Ethiopian calendar	1346 – 1347
Hebrew calendar	5114 – 5115
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1409 – 1410
- Shaka Samvat	1276 – 1277
- Kali Yuga	4455 – 4456
Holocene calendar	11354
Iranian calendar	732 – 733
Islamic calendar	754 – 755
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3687
Thai solar calendar	1897
v • d • e

Year 1354 (MCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events of 1354

• February 12 – The Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
• October 8 – Cola di Rienzo, self-proclaimed "tribune" of Rome, is killed by an angry mob.
• The reign of John VI Cantacuzenus as Byzantine Emperor is ended, after he loses a battle to John V Palaiologos, who is restored as sole emperor.
• The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang is established.
• Sahab-ud-Din becomes Sultan of Kashmir.
• The Turks capture the cities of Kallipolis and Didymoteicho from the Byzantine Empire.
• The sultan of Morocco appoints a scribe to write an account of the travels of Ibn Battuta.
• Assassins struck down Sultan Hasan and his body is never returned.

Births

• date unknown
  • Constance of Castile, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1394)
  • Bayezid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1403)

Deaths

• January 16 – Joanna of Châtillon, Duchess of Athens
• August 9 – Stephen, Duke of Slavonia, (b. 1332)
• September 7 – Andrea Dandolo, doge of Venice (b. 1306)
• October 8 – Cola di Rienzo, Roman tribune
• date unknown
  • Wu Zhen, painter (b. 1280)
  • Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada (b. 1318)

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