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Portugal's Pedro I goes to the aid of Castile's Pedro the Cruel and receives help from the Black Prince of Wales Edward to defeat the Castilian king's illegitimate half brother Enrique, Count de Trastámara, who is routed April 3 at Nájera and forced to take refuge in France (but see 1369). Pedro the Just (or the Cruel) (o Justiceiro or o Cruel) returns to Portugal and dies January 18 at age 46 after a 10-year reign. His 22-year-old son assumes the throne as Fernãndo I, ratifies the existing peace with Castile and Aragon but begins to squander the wealth amassed by his father as he begins a reign that will continue until 1383.
Louis II, 3rd duc de Bourbon, returns to France after having been held hostage by the English since 1360. Now 30, Louis le Bon allies himself with Bertrand du Guesclin in fighting the English.
Sweden's Albrecht of Mecklenburg and the dukes of Holstein plunder the northwestern Danish region of Skane and parts of Blekinge, subjecting the cities of Lund, Simrishamm, and Ystad to cruel vandalism (see 1360; 1379).
The Confederation of Köln (Cologne) brings together 77 German towns, whose representatives organize common Hanseatic finances, form Scandinavian alliances, and prepare naval forces to counter Denmark's Valdemar IV Atterdag (see 1363; 1368).
Clerical reformer and orator Jan Milíc (of Kromeriz) travels to Rome in the spring to preach penance, moral conversion, and ecclesiastic and secular poverty before the papal court (see 1363). The Inquisition imprisons him on suspicion of heresy, but Pope Urban V returns from Avignon in October and orders his release. Milíc returns to Prague late in the year after presenting Urban with his pamphlet "Booklet on Antichrist" (Libellus de Antichristo) urging that the pope convene a general council to reform the Church.
Poet-chronicler Jean Froissart accompanies the Black Prince of Wales Edward Plantaganet to Bordeaux after a 6-year sojourn in which he has visited Scotland and met David Bruce. He observes the brilliant court of Gaston III, comte de Foix, and then returns to London, where he is somewhat shocked by the weakness of the royal government (see 1368).
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