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1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400
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Parliament demands that England's Richard II submit a financial accounting. His generosity to Michael de Pole, Robert de Vere, and other court favorites has led Thomas, duke of Gloucester, to join with four other magnates in forming the Lords Appellant, whose members try and convict five of the king's closest advisers of treason. Richard has the parliamentary leader condemned for treason; he has three of the five Lords Appellant arrested, coerces Parliament to give them death sentences, and banishes the other two (see 1398).
Margrethe of Denmark completes her conquest of Sweden and has her grandnephew Erik of Pomerania crowned king of a united Scandinavia (see 1389). Her dynastic Union of Kalmar includes Finland and will continue at least nominally until 1523, but Margarethe herself will rule as the "Semiramis of the North" until her death in 1412, and Erik, now 15, will rule from Copenhagen until 1422.
Milanese troops sent by Gian Galeazzo Visconti invade Tuscany (see 1395), but Florence resists the Visconti forces.
Ottoman forces under Bayazid I lay siege to Constantinople, but the marshal of France, Jean Bouciquaut, 31, defends the city. Tatars led by Tamerlane distract Bayazid from the siege (see 1398; Battle of Angora, 1402).
Merchant Richard "Dick" Whittington, 39, becomes lord mayor of London, having grown rich by importing silks, damasks, velvets, and other goods.
Kyoto's Golden Pavilion (Kinkaku) is completed on the Kitayama estate on the outskirts of town for the retired Ashikaga shōgun Yoshimitsu, who has passed his title on to his son in order that he may live as a monk in the Golden Pavilion.
1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400
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This article is about the year 1397.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 13th century – 14th century – 15th century |
| Decades: | 1360s 1370s 1380s – 1390s – 1400s 1410s 1420s |
| Years: | 1394 1395 1396 – 1397 – 1398 1399 1400 |
| 1397 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders - Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births - Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments - Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1397 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1397 MCCCXCVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2150 |
| Armenian calendar | 846 ԹՎ ՊԽԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6147 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -447–-446 |
| Bengali calendar | 804 |
| Berber calendar | 2347 |
| English Regnal year | 20 Ric. 2 – 21 Ric. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1941 |
| Burmese calendar | 759 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6905–6906 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙子年十二月初二日 (4033/4093-12-2) — to —
丁丑年十二月十二日(4034/4094-12-12) |
| Coptic calendar | 1113–1114 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1389–1390 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5157–5158 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1453–1454 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1319–1320 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4498–4499 |
| Holocene calendar | 11397 |
| Iranian calendar | 775–776 |
| Islamic calendar | 799–800 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōei 4 (応永4年) |
| Julian calendar | 1397 MCCCXCVII |
| Korean calendar | 3730 |
| Minguo calendar | 515 before ROC 民前515年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1940 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1397 |
Year 1397 (MCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
- February 10 – John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset.
- June 6 – Richard Whittington is nominated as Lord Mayor of London for the first time.
- July 20 – Queen Margaret forms the Kalmar Union, uniting the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland and Greenland) and Sweden (including Finland).
- September 29 – John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter by his half-brother Richard II of England.
Date unknown
- The Ottomans capture the Vidin Empire, the only remaining independent Bulgarian state. Emperor Ivan Sratsimir of Vidin is taken prisoner and later disappears.
- Constantine II becomes Emperor of Vidin after his father's imprisonment.
- Richard II of England attempts to reassert authority over his kingdom by arresting members of a group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant.
- Temur Qutlugh is crowned as the Khan of Golden Horde with the help of general Edigu. Although, Edigu continues to hold the real power.
- Thomas Arundel succeeds William Courtenay as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery is founded in north-west Russia.
- Sretensky Monastery is founded in Moscow.
- Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, John's brother, is created Duke of Surrey by King Richard.
- Establishment of the Università, a form of local government, in Malta.
- Creation of the first hospital of al-Andalus, in Granada.[1]
Births
- February 21 – Isabella of Portugal (d. 1471)
- May 6 – Sejong the Great of Joseon, ruler of Korea (b. 1450)
- June 29 – King John II of Aragon (d. 1479)
- August 10 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1439)
- November 15 – Pope Nicholas V (d. 1455)
- date unknown
- Chimalpopoca, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlán (d. 1427)
- Tlacaelel, Aztec nobleman (d. 1487)
- Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, Italian mathematician (d. 1482)
- Paolo Uccello, Florentine painter (d. 1475)
Deaths
- January 11 – Skirgaila, former Grand Duke of Lithuania
- February 18 – Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy (b. 1340)
- June 3 – William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (b. 1328)
- June 16 – Philip of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (b. 1358)
- September 2 – Francesco Landini, Italian composer
- September 15 – Adam Easton, Catholic cardinal
- September 21 – Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (executed) (b. 1346)
- date unknown – Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (b. 1350)
References
- ^ "Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts _ Hospitals". http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_12.html. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
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Uccello, Paolo
(Italian painter of the Florentine school)
Whittington, Richard
(English merchant and mayor of London)
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