1410s

1410s: events by year

Contents: 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419

1410

January–December

• March 29 – The Aragonese capture Oristano, capital of the Giudicato di Arborea in Sardinia.
• July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (also known as Tannenberg or Žalgiris): Polish and Lithuanian forces under cousins Jogaila and Vytautas the Great decisively defeat the forces of the Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken.

Date unknown

• Jan Hus is excommunicated by the Archbishop of Prague.
• Antipope John XXIII is elected.
• Construction begins on Castle Woerden in the Netherlands.
• The Prague Astronomical Clock (also known as Prague Orloj) was built by Mikuláš of Kadaň and Jan Šindel in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic.

1411

January–December

• February 11 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn, Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
• July 24 – The Battle of Harlaw is fought between Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles and an army commanded by Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar.
• September 21 – King Henry IV of England calls his ninth parliament.
• November 30 – Henry IV dismisses Prince Henry and his supporters from the government.

Date unknown

• The University of St. Andrews is founded by a papal bull.
• Under the Yongle Emperor of Ming China, work begins to reinstate the ancient Grand Canal of China, which fell into disuse and dilapidation during the previous Yuan Dynasty. Between 1411 and 1415, a total of 165,000 laborers dredge the canal bed in Shandong, build new channels, embankments, and canal locks. Four large reservoirs in Shandong are also dug in order to regulate water levels instead of resorting to pumping water from local tables. A large dam is also constructed to divert water from the Wen River southwest into the Grand Canal.

1412

January–December

• January 16 – The Medici family are made official bankers of the Papacy.
• October 5 – Emperor Go-Komatsu abdicates and Emperor Shoko accedes to the throne of Japan.
• October 28 – Eric of Pomerania becomes sole ruler of the Kalmar Union (Sweden, Denmark and Norway) upon the death of Queen Margaret.

Date unknown

• John II of Castile declares the Valladolid laws that restrict the social rights of Jews. Among many other restrictions the laws force Jews to wear distinctive clothes and denies them administrative positions.
• Years after its publication in the 14th century, the Ming Dynasty Chinese artillery officer Jiao Yu adds the preface to his classic book on gunpowder warfare, the Huolongjing.

1413

January–December

• March 21 – Henry V becomes King of England.
• October 2 – Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania sign the Union of Horodło

Date unknown

• The Annals of Joseon Dynasty is begun.
• The University of St. Andrews is chartered by papal bull.
• Yishiha builds a Buddhist temple at Tyr, Russia, and puts up a stele describing his expedition to the lower Amur
• End of Ottoman interregnum (after 1402). Mehmet I is the new sultan.

1414

January–December

• January 7 – Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg becomes the 28th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order.
• August 6 – Joan II succeeds her brother Ladislaus as Queen of Naples.
• November 16 – The Council of Constance begins.

Date unknown

• The Habsburg Duke Ernest the Iron (1377–1424) is the last duke to be enthroned according to the ancient Karantanian ritual of installing dukes on the Duke's Stone.
• Alien priory cells are suppressed.
• The Tibetan lama Je Tsongkhapa of the Gelug Buddhist sect declined the offer of the Yongle Emperor of China to appear in the capital at Nanjing, although he sent his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes, who was given the title "State Teacher". The later Xuande Emperor granted Yeshes the title of a king upon a return visit to China, only he traveled to the new capital at Beijing.
• Sayyid dynasty starts to rule Delhi.

1415

January–December

• April 30 – Frederick I becomes Elector of Brandenburg.
• July 4 – Pope Gregory XII officially opens the Council of Constance and then abdicates.
• June 5 – The Council of Constance condemns the writings of John Wycliffe and asks Jan Hus to recant in public his heresy; after his denial, he is tried for heresy, excommunicated, then sentenced to be burned at the stake.
• July 6 – Jan Hus is burned at the stake in Konstanz.
• July 31 – Henry V of England is informed of the Southampton Plot against him; he has the leaders arrested and executed before invading France.
• August 14 – Portugal conquers the city of Ceuta from the Moors, initiating the Portuguese Empire and European expansion and colonialism.
• October 25 – Battle of Agincourt: Archers of Henry V of England are instrumental in defeating a massed army of French knights.

Date unknown

• Avignon Pope Benedict XIII orders all Talmuds to be delivered to the diocese and held until further notice.
• The Swiss Confederation takes the territory of Aargau from the house of Habsburg.
• The Grand Canal of China is reinstated by this year after it had fallen out of use; restoration began in 1411, and was a response by the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty to improve the grain shipment system of tribute traveling from south to north towards his new capital at Beijing. Hence, the problem with lack of food supply is sufficed by this year.
• The Orthodox Church in the lands of the tsardom of Muskovy (actual Russia) separates from the one in Ukraine and Byelorussia, both claiming to be the true Kiev patriarchate.

1416

January–December

• January 27 – The Republic of Ragusa is the first state in Europe to outlaw slavery.
• May 30 – The Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague as a heretic.

Date unknown

• The Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge (the longest arch bridge in the world at the time) is destroyed.
• Ottoman–Venetian maritime treaty (1416)

1417

January–December

• June 24 – The Isle of Man holds the first known Tynwald Day; the annual meeting of its parliament (Tynwald) which has continued every year until the present.
• July 27 – Avignon Pope Benedict XIII is deposed, bringing to an end the Great Western Schism.
• August 12 – King Henry V of England begins using English in correspondence (back to England from France whilst on campaign), marking the beginning of this king's continuous usage of English in prose, and the beginning of the restoration of English as an official language for the first time since the Norman Conquest, some 350 years earlier.
• November 11 – Pope Martin V succeeds Pope Gregory XII (who abdicated in 1415) as the 206th pope.

Date unknown

• The use of street lighting is first recorded in London, when Sir Henry Barton, the mayor, orders lanterns with lights to be hung out on the winter evenings between Hallowtide and Candlemas.

1418

January–December

• May 19 – Paris is captured by John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy.
• September – The English Siege of Rouen begins.

Date unknown

• Mircea I of Wallachia is succeeded by Michael I of Wallachia.
• The first Portuguese settlers move to the Madeira Islands.
• The Council of Constance ends.

1419

January–December

• January 19 – Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, which brings Normandy under the control of England.
• June 20 – The Oei Invasion of Tsushima Island in Japan by Joseon Korea begins.
• July 30 – The first Defenestration of Prague occurs.
• September 10 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin.

Date unknown

• Portuguese sea captains João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira, at the service of Prince Henry the Navigator, discover the Madeira islands.
• The University of Rostock is established as the oldest university of northern Europe.
• The Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), sends a large embassy to the Ming Dynasty of China during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424). One of the Persian envoys, Ghiyasu'd-Din Naqqah, keeps a diary of his travels throughout China, some of the contents of which are preserved in court documents thanks to the court historian Hafiz Abru. Naqqah writes about China's wealthy economy and huge urban markets, its efficient courier system as compared to that in Persia, the hospitality of his hosts at the courier stations in providing comfortable lodging and food, and the fine luxurious goods and craftsmenship of the Chinese.

Significant people

Births

Deaths

References