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Contents: political eventscommerce religion art |
England's Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke) dies at age 45 of a skin disease similar to leprosy in the Jerusalem Chamber of London's Abbot of Westminster the evening of March 20. He is succeeded after a 14-year reign by his 25-year-old son, who will reign until 1422 as Henry V, raising England to the rank of a major European power. The new king will imprison his stepmother, Joanna of Navarre, now 43, on charges of witchcraft and she will remain incarcerated for more than 3 years at Pevensey Castle in Sussex.
The Danish Diet gives its support to Erik of Pomerania, who will reign as Erik VII until 1439 (see 1412; 1416).
Marie of Aragon is married in December at age 10 to Charles, the 12-year-old third son of France's insane king Charles VI and his dissolute wife, Isabelle of Bavaria. Yolande of Anjou has arranged her daughter's betrothal, takes young Charles with her to Provence, and treats him as if he were her own son.
Paris butchers led by skinner Simon Caboche seize Paris and try to make the government more efficient by imposing the Ordonnance Cabochienne. The Armagnacs soon regain control and revert to feudal reaction, ending all hope for reform.
The Ottoman Empire's 10-year civil war ends as Mehmet defeats and kills his brother Musa outside Constantinople. The Byzantine emperor Manuel II holds a fourth brother, Mustapha, hostage as Mehmet reunites the empire's possessions and begins an 8-year reign as Mehmet I (see 1414).
Icelanders use dried fish for money.
A convocation presided over by Thomas Arundel, 60, archbishop of Canterbury, indicts English soldier Sir John Oldcastle, 35, on charges that he has not only harbored followers of the late John Wycliffe but embraced their Lollard views (see 1401). The new king Henry V asks his old friend to submit, but Oldcastle fails to heed Henry's appeals and refuses to renounce Lollardy when brought to trial; convicted of heresy and sentenced to death, he is granted a 40-day royal stay of execution and confined to the Tower of London but escapes before the end of the year (see politics, 1414).
Sculpture: St. Mark by Donatello.
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