1421
Top
1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430
Contents: political eventsexploration, colonization commerce environment |
Representatives of Bohemia and Moravia meet at Caslav June 1, renounce the German king Sigismund, and found a government of their own (see 1419). A 4,000-man army of Hussites raised by Jan Zizka defeats the emperor's 40,000-man Catholic army and occupies Prague. Zizka's highly disciplined "Warriors of God" build the wooden town of Tabor, about 55 miles southeast of Prague, as a biblical city, and although Zizka loses his remaining eye at the siege of Raby he continues to lead the Hussites (see 1422).
The former marshal of France Jean II le Meingre Boucicaut dies in captivity in Yorkshire at age 55 (approximate), having been taken prisoner at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.
Joanna II of Naples asks Aragon's Alfonso V to help her in her struggle against Louis III of Anjou (see Alfonso, 1420); she adopts Alfonso as her son and heir, Naples receives him as its liberator July 5, but Joanna will soon change her mind and make overtures to Louis of Anjou (see 1423).
Florence buys Livorno (Leghorn) and establishes the Consuls of the Sea.
Filippo Maria Visconti, duke of Milan, subjugates Genoa as he works to rebuild the duchy that broke up into city-states following the death of his father in 1402.
The Ottoman sultan Mehmet I dies at age 34 after an 8-year reign in which he has consolidated the empire. He is succeeded by his 18-year-old son, who will reign until 1451 as Murad II, extending the empire into southeastern Europe (see 1432).
China's Ming dynasty emperor Yong Le (Yung-lo) sends his admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho) on a fifth expedition abroad (see 1416). The Ming navy has grown to include 250 long-distance galleons; 400 large warships; 400 grain-transport freighters; 1,350 patrol vessels; and 1,350 combat ships attached to coast-guard stations (see 1431). Some of the vessels may reach the Western Hemisphere this year, although evidence of that will remain controversial.
The Portuguese prince Henrique, now 27, assembles Europe's leading pilots, map-makers, astronomers, scholars, and instrument makers at Sagres on the Cape St. Vincent, where they will pioneer a new science of navigation (see portolan chart, 1311; Hanseatic League, 1375). A grandson of the late John of Gaunt, Henrique retired from the court 2 years ago, became governor of the Algarve, and will be remembered as Henry the Navigator (although he himself will never make any voyages of discovery). He has his shipwrights develop a lateen-rigged caravel with three masts—a highly maneuverable vessel able to stand up to the winds of the open sea (see Madeira Islands, 1419; Canary Islands, 1425).
Florentine banker Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici continues to build his fortune by collecting taxes for the pope, using bills of exchange to circumvent Church doctrine against usury, winning rights to alum mines, paying fines rather than serving in the government, and gaining control of partnerships in which he has participated. Now 61, he once made a loan to the pirate Baldassare Cossa, who became the antipope John XXIII in 1410, and as "God's banker" Giovanni has established branches throughout the northern Italian city-states and beyond the Alps. The city rewards him with the high ceremonial office of gonfaliere (standard bearer).
The North Sea engulfs more than 70 Dutch villages. Upwards of 100,000 die as the shallow Zuider Zee spreads over thousands of square miles.
1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
Top
In the year 1421
Transportation
Filippo Brunelleschi receives the first known patent from the Republic of Florence (Italy); it is for a canal boat equipped with cranes. See also 1474 Communication.
Top
This article is about the year 1421. For the book by Gavin Menzies, see 1421: The Year China Discovered the World.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 14th century – 15th century – 16th century |
| Decades: | 1390s 1400s 1410s – 1420s – 1430s 1440s 1450s |
| Years: | 1418 1419 1420 – 1421 – 1422 1423 1424 |
| 1421 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Architecture - Art |
| Politics |
| State leaders - Sovereign states |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births - Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1421 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1421 MCDXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2174 |
| Armenian calendar | 870 ԹՎ ՊՀ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6171 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -423–-422 |
| Bengali calendar | 828 |
| Berber calendar | 2371 |
| English Regnal year | 8 Hen. 5 – 9 Hen. 5 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1965 |
| Burmese calendar | 783 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6929–6930 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚子年十一月廿八日 (4057/4117-11-28) — to —
辛丑年十二月初七日(4058/4118-12-7) |
| Coptic calendar | 1137–1138 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1413–1414 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5181–5182 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1477–1478 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1343–1344 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4522–4523 |
| Holocene calendar | 11421 |
| Iranian calendar | 799–800 |
| Islamic calendar | 823–824 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōei 28 (応永28年) |
| Julian calendar | 1421 MCDXXI |
| Korean calendar | 3754 |
| Minguo calendar | 491 before ROC 民前491年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1964 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1421 |
Year 1421 (MCDXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
- March 21 – Battle of Baugé: A small French force surprises and defeats a smaller English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Henry V of England, in Normandy.
- May 26 – Mehmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his son Murad II.
- November 17–November 19 – St. Elizabeth flood: The coastal area near Dordrecht in the Netherlands is flooded due to the extremely high tide of the North Sea; 72 villages are drowned, killing about 10,000 people.
Ming Cheng Zu, Zhu Di, the third emperor of Ming Dynasty shifted the Ming capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
Date unknown
- John III of Dampierre, Marquis of Namur, sells his estates to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
- The first patent is issued by the Republic of Florence.[1]
Births
- February 10 – Gabriel Schlesinger, Irish writer and poet (died 1439)
- July 25 – Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (died 1461)
- December 6 – King Henry VI of England (died 1471)
- date unknown
- Sōgi, Buddhist priest and Japanese poet (died 1502)
- Agnès Sorel, mistress of Charles VII of France
- Ponhea Yat, ruler of the Khmer Empire (died 1467)
Deaths
- January 21 – Niccolò I Trinci, lord of Foligno (assassinated)
- March 22 – Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (killed in battle) (born 1388)
- May – Balša III, ruler of Zeta
- May 26 – Mehmed I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1389)
- date unknown – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (born 1385)
In fiction
- In the Red Dwarf episode "Out of Time", the crew discover a time drive. The chosen date they attempt to reach first is August 17, 1421 (their date of departure is never made clear), after choosing a time period "nice and safe and dull". However, as well arriving one day early on August 16, they also fail to reach Earth and are still trapped three million light years into deep space.
References
- ^ Terence, Kealey. The Economic Laws of Scientific Research. 1996.
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:
Copyrights:
Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Read more
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Read more
