1452
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1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460
Contents: political eventsart architecture, real estate |
A Swedish army headed by Karl Knutsson enters the Danish town of Fagerhult in February, spreads out through Skania in the following 3 weeks (see 1448). The Swedes set fires as they go, burning the city of Helsingborg along with all the ships in its harbor, destroying Lund and several towns the same way, massacring a large levy of peasants at the town of Dalby, plundering the counties of Gärd and Villand, burning the old market town of Wä and the city of Sölvesburg to the ground, and laying waste part of Bleckinge before ravaging Halland (see 1457).
Scotland's James II invites the 26-year-old William Douglas, 8th earl of Douglas, to Stirling Castle under a safe-conduct pass; he demands that the earl dissolve his league with Alexander Lindsay, 4th earl of Crawford, and when Douglas refuses the king murders him with his own hands, being helped by his courtiers. Douglas has recovered Galloway and Wigtown by marrying his cousin, Margaret Douglas, the "Fair Maid of Galloway," and the king has granted him the estate of Bothwell, but James now tries to confiscate the earl's lands. The earl's 25-year-old brother James inherits the title and tries to avenge William's murder, but his allies desert him, he submits to the homicidal king in August, and he marries his brother's widow in order to keep the family estates together (see 1454).
The German king Friedrich of Hapsburg makes Austria an archduchy January 9, marries Leonora of Portugal March 16 (her uncle Henrique [Henry the Navigator] has helped arrange the marriage), and is crowned Holy Roman Emperor March 19 by Pope Nicholas V, the last emperor to be crowned at Rome. Now 36, Friedrich will reign until 1493 as Friedrich III, but his countrymen are indignant at his capitulation to the pope; their indignation will grow as they witness his apathy toward Ottoman aggression.
France's dauphin Louis strengthens ties with the Swiss cantons, making treaties also with Trier, Cologne, and other towns and with Saxony as part of an anti-Burgundian policy.
War begins in June between the Byzantine emperor Constantine XI and the new Ottoman sultan Mehmet II as the sultan completes fortifications that control the flow of supplies to Constantinople. The sultan's Castle of Europe (Rumili Hisar) opposite the older Castle of Asia (Anadoli Hisar) at the narrowest point of the Bosphorus has alarmed the Byzantines.
Painting: The Braque Triptych by Rogier van der Weyden.
Sculpture: The tomb of Villana delle Botte is completed by architect-sculptor Bernardo Rossellino in Florence's Church of Santa Maria Novella.
Florence's Medici Palace is completed on the Via de Ginori by architect Michelozzo di Bartolommeo for Cosimo de' Medici, whose family will occupy the palazzo for 100 years (the Riccardi family will later acquire it).
1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
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In the year 1452
Materials
Henry VI of England accepts immigration of Hungarian and Bohemian miners for the improvement of mining practices in England. See also 1505 Materials.
MathematicsThe University of Paris begins to require that students must have read the first six books of Euclid to get a master's degree. See also 1336 Mathematics.
Medicine & healthThe first professional association for midwives is founded in Regensburg, Germany. See also 1500 Medicine & health.
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This article is about the year 1452.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 14th century – 15th century – 16th century |
| Decades: | 1420s 1430s 1440s – 1450s – 1460s 1470s 1480s |
| Years: | 1449 1450 1451 – 1452 – 1453 1454 1455 |
| 1452 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Architecture - Art |
| Politics |
| State leaders - Sovereign states |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births - Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1452 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1452 MCDLII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2205 |
| Armenian calendar | 901 ԹՎ ՋԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6202 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -392–-391 |
| Bengali calendar | 859 |
| Berber calendar | 2402 |
| English Regnal year | 30 Hen. 6 – 31 Hen. 6 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1996 |
| Burmese calendar | 814 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6960–6961 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛未年十二月初十日 (4088/4148-12-10) — to —
壬申年十一月廿一日(4089/4149-11-21) |
| Coptic calendar | 1168–1169 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1444–1445 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5212–5213 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1508–1509 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1374–1375 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4553–4554 |
| Holocene calendar | 11452 |
| Iranian calendar | 830–831 |
| Islamic calendar | 855–856 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōtoku 4Kyōtoku 1 (享徳元年) |
| Julian calendar | 1452 MCDLII |
| Korean calendar | 3785 |
| Minguo calendar | 460 before ROC 民前460年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1995 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1452 |
Year 1452 (MCDLII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
- February 22 – Murder of William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas by James II of Scotland at Stirling Castle.
- March – Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor becomes the last to be crowned in Rome.
- June 18 – Pope Nicholas V issues the bull Dum Diversas, legitimising the colonial slave trade.
- October – English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne, France, and retake most of the province without a fight.
- October – Byzantine-Ottoman Wars – The Ottoman governor of Thessaly, Turakhan Beg, breaks through the Hexamilion wall for the fourth time and ravages the Peloponnese peninsula, to prevent the Byzantine Despotate of the Morea from assisting Constantinople during the final Ottoman siege of the imperial capital.[1]
Date unknown
- A major eruption of the South Pacific volcano Kuwae in Vanuatu has a subsequent global cooling effect (the eruption released more sulfate than any other event in the past 700 years).
- Portuguese navigator Diogo de Teive discovers Corvo Island in the Azores.
- Battle of Bealach nam Broig, a Scottish clan battle.
- Revolt of Ghent: Forces of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, clash multiple times with rebel militia from Ghent in the region around Ghent.
Births
- February 6 – Joana, Crown Princess of Portugal (d. 1490)
- March 10 – King Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1516)
- April 15 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian artist and inventor (d. 1519)
- April 19 – King Frederick IV of Naples (d. 1504)
- July 10 – King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)
- July 27 – Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1508)
- September 21 – Girolamo Savonarola, Italian religious reformer and ruler of Florence (d. 1498)
- October 2 – King Richard III of England (d. 1485)
- December 10 – Johannes Stöffler, German mathematician (d. 1531)
Deaths
- February 10
- Svitrigaila, Grand Prince of Lithuania
- Michał Bolesław Zygmuntowicz, Prince of Black Ruthenia
- May 26 – John Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury
- December 12 – Guillaume Huin d'Estaing, Catholic cardinal
- date unknown
- Nicholas Close, English bishop
- Gemistus Pletho, philosopher
- William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas
References
- ^ Setton, Kenneth M. (1978), The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century, DIANE Publishing, p. 146, ISBN 0-87169-127-2, http://books.google.com/books?id=0Sz2VYI0l1IC
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Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Mentioned in
Year 1336
(in Science & Technology)
Ghiberti, Lorenzo
(Florentine sculptor)
Richard III
(King of England)
James III
(in archaeology)
» More