| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1770s 1780s 1790s – 1800s – 1810s 1820s 1830s |
| Years: | 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 |
| Categories: | Births – Deaths – Architecture Establishments – Disestablishments |
The first decade of the 19th century ran from January 1, 1800, to December 31, 1809.
Contents |
Events and trends
- Presidency of Thomas Jefferson in the United States.
- In 1803, United States doubles its size with territories gained from Napolean Bonaparte in the Louisiana Purchase.
- The end of the Enlightenment following the beginning of the Romantic era in the next decade.
Technology
- Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801.
- Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter in 1801.
- Flag semaphore is gradually adopted by various navies of the world.
- Morphine is isolated from opium for the first time in 1804.
- Nicolas Appert develops a method to preserve food by means of canning in 1809.
- John Dalton publishes his atomic theory 1803.
- Charles Darwin creates the theory of evolution.
Astronomy
- The first known asteroids are discovered in this decade:
- Ceres (1801-01-02). Ceres is reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
- Pallas (1802-03-28)
- Juno (1804-09-01)
- Vesta (1807-03-29)
War, peace and politics
- End of the Quasi-War (1800).
- The First Barbary War (1801–1805) is fought between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa.
- The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.
- In 1803, the US acquired the Louisiana Territories from France.
- The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) is fought between the Maratha Peshwa on one side and minor chieftains of the Maratha Confederacy Sindhia,Bhonsle and Holkar on the other resulting in a crushing defeat of the rebel chieftains and the breakup of the Maratha confederacy.
- Haiti gains independence from France on 1804-01-01, becoming the first black republic.
- The Fulani War (1804–1810) is fought in present day Nigeria and Cameroon.
- The First Serbian Uprising (1804−1813) marks the first time in 300 years Serbia perceives itself an independent state.
- End of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802).
- Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).
- Beginning of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
World leaders
- First Consul/Emperor Napoleon I (First French Republic/First French Empire)
- Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire)
- Frederick William III of Prussia (Prussia)
- Pope Pius VII
- Tsar Paul I (Russia)
- Tsar Alexander I (Russia)
- King Charles IV (Spain)
- King Gustavus IV Adolphus (Sweden)
- King Charles XIII (Sweden)
- King George III, (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- President John Adams (United States)
- President Thomas Jefferson (United States)
- Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
- Jiaqing Emperor of China (Qing Dynasty)
- Mughal Empire
- Shah Alam II 1759–1806
- Akbar II 1806–1837
- Baji Rao II(Peshwa of the Marathas)
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Sikh Empire, Punjab) 1801–1839
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