1828 in science
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1828 in science
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The year 1828 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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Contents
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Astronomy
- Félix Savary computes the first orbit of a visual double star when he calculates the orbit of the double star Xi Ursae Majoris.
Biochemistry
- Urea becomes the first organic compound to be artificially synthesised, by Friedrich Wöhler, potentially discrediting a cornerstone of vitalism, the belief that life is not subject to the laws of science in the way inanimate objects are.
Biology
- April 27 - London Zoo opens in Regent's Park for members of the Zoological Society of London.[1]
- Karl Ernst von Baer lays the foundations of the science of comparative embryology with his book Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere.
- Martin Lichtenstein publishes a monograph on the Dipodidae, Über die Springmäuse, in Berlin.
- Belfast Botanic Gardens open.
Chemistry
- Jöns Jakob Berzelius produces a table of atomic weights and discovers thorium.
Medicine
- F. Maury publishes Traité Complet de l'Art du Dentiste, the first handbook of dentistry.[2]
- December 24 - Burke and Hare murders: William Burke is sentenced to hang for his part in the murder of 17 victims to provide bodies for dissection by Edinburgh anatomist Robert Knox.
Paleontology
- Adolphe Theodore Brongniart publishes Prodrome d'une histoire des Végétaux Fossils, a study of fossil plants.
- Mary Anning discovers Britain's first pterosaur fossil at Lyme Regis.
Physics
- Self-taught English mathematician George Green publishes An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism in Nottingham, the first mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism, introducing a version of Green's theorem, the idea of potential theory, and the concept of what will come to be called Green's functions.[3][4]
- Irish astronomer William Rowan Hamilton publishes Theory of Systems of Rays.
Technology
- James Beaumont Neilson of Scotland patents the hot blast process for ironmaking.[5]
- Ányos Jedlik creates the world's first electric motor.
- The brothers John and Charles Deane produce the first diving helmet by adaptation of a smoke helmet produced for them by Augustus Siebe.[6]
- Scottish architect Peter Nicholson sets out a method of preparing stones for construction of a helicoidal skew arch.[7][8][9]
Awards
- Copley Medal: not awarded
Births
- March 24 - Jules Verne (died 1905), French science fiction author.
- September 15 - Aleksandr Butlerov (died 1886), Russian chemist.
- October 31 - Joseph Swan (died 1914), English physicist.
Deaths
- March 17 - James Edward Smith (born 1759), English botanist.
- July 5 - Andrew Duncan (born 1744), Scottish physician.
- August 8 - Carl Peter Thunberg (born 1743), Swedish botanist.
- August 22 - Franz Joseph Gall (born 1758), German-born neuroanatomist.
- December 22 - William Hyde Wollaston (born 1766), English chemist.
References
- ^ "April 27". Today in Science History. http://www.todayinsci.com/4/4_27.htm. Retrieved 2011-12-20.
- ^ Puschmann, Theodor. Handbuch der Geschichte der Medizin. 3. Jena. p. 384.
- ^ Ferrers, N. M., ed. Mathematical papers of the late George Green. http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AAN8197.0001.001.
- ^ Cannell, D. M. (1999). "George Green: An Enigmatic Mathematician". American Mathematical Monthly 106 (2): 136–151.
- ^ Gale, W.K.V. (1981). Ironmaking. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. p. 22. ISBN 0-85263-546-X.
- ^ Bevan, John (1996). The Infernal Diver: the lives of John and Charles Deane, their invention of the diving helmet and its first application.... London: Submex. pp. 28–33. ISBN 0-9508242-1-6.
- ^ Nicholson, Peter (1828). A Popular and Practical Treatise on Masonry and Stone-cutting. London: Thomas Hurst, Edward Chance & Company. pp. 39–60. http://books.google.com/?id=vZc-wqkOadIC&pg=PA39.
- ^ Welch, Henry (1837). Loudon, John Claudius. ed. "On the Construction of Oblique Arches". Architectural Magazine (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman) IV: 90. http://books.google.com/books?id=t4IAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA90. "The stones were cut, or dressed, previously to the erection of the centre"
- ^ Schofield, Reginald B. (2000). Benjamin Outram, 1764–1805: An Engineering Biography. Cardiff: Merton Priory Press. pp. 149–154. ISBN 1-898937-42-7.
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