1873 in science
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1873 in science
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The year 1873 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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Contents
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Exploration
- The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition discovers Franz-Josef Land.
Mathematics
- Charles Hermite proves that the mathematical constant e is a transcendental number.[1]
- Henri Brocard introduces the Brocard points, Brocard triangle and Brocard circle.[1][2][3]
Meteorology
- September - Agreement for establishment of International Meteorological Organization.
Physics
- June 14 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals defends his thesis, Over de Continuiteit van den Gas en Vloeistoftoestand ("On the continuity of the gaseous and liquid state") at Leiden University. In this, he introduces the concepts of molecular volume and molecular attraction; gives a semi-quantitative description of the phenomena of condensation and critical temperatures; and derives the van der Waals equation.[4]
- September 22 - James Clerk Maxwell delivers a discourse on molecules to the British Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Bradford.[5]
- Frederick Guthrie is the first to report observing thermionic emission.[6]
Technology
- May 20 - Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive United States patent#139121 for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim jeans.
- Carl von Linde installs his first commercial refrigeration system, built by Maschinenfabrik Augsburg for the Spaten Brewery and using dimethyl ether as the refrigerant.
- Christopher Miner Spencer introduces the fully automatic turret lathe.[7]
Awards
Births
- June 30 - Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde (died 1942), botanist.
- October 4 - Dimitrie Pompeiu (died 1954), mathematician.
- October 9 - Karl Schwarzschild (died 1916), astronomer and physicist.
Deaths
- January 27 - Adam Sedgwick (born 1785), geologist.
- April 18 - Justus von Liebig (born 1803), chemist.
- March 30 - Bénédict Morel (born 1809), psychiatrist.
- September 15 - Alexei Pavlovich Fedchenko (born 1844), naturalist.
- December 14 - Louis Agassiz (born 1807), zoologist and geologist.
References
- ^ a b Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- ^ "Etudes d'un nouveau cercle du plan du triangle". Paper to l'Association française pour l'avancement des sciences.
- ^ Guggenbuhl, Laura (December 1953). "Henri Brocard and the Geometry of the Triangle". The Mathematical Gazette (London: Mathematical Association) 37 (322): 241–243. JSTOR 3610034.
- ^ Clerk-Maxwell, J. (1874). "Van der Waals on the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States". Nature 10 (259): 477–480. Bibcode 1874Natur..10..477C. doi:10.1038/010477a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v10/n259/pdf/010477a0.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ Clerk-Maxwell, J. (25 September 1873). "Molecules". Nature 8 (204): 437–41. Bibcode 1873Natur...8..437.. doi:10.1038/008437a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v8/n204/pdf/008437a0.pdf. Retrieved 2012-02-20. Also digitised at The Victorian Web. Archived 2012-02-23.
- ^ Richardson, Owen (1921). The emission of positive ions by hot metals. ISBN 978-1-929148-10-3. http://books.google.it/books?id=PrbOIoMnxnwC&pg=PA196. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
- ^ Rolt, L. T. C. (1965). A Short History of Machine Tools. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p. 169.
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