1900 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map |
| First storm formed: |
August 27, 1900 |
| Last storm dissipated: |
October 29, 1900 |
| Strongest storm: |
Galveston Hurricane – 936 mbar (27.63 inHg), 125 knots (145 mph) |
| Total storms: |
7 |
| Major storms (Cat. 3+): |
2 |
| Total damage: |
$60 million (1900 USD), $1.3 billion (2005 USD) |
| Total fatalities: |
8,000+ |
|
Atlantic hurricane seasons
1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902 |
|
The 1900 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and early fall months of 1900. The season was below average, with seven tropical storms, of which three became hurricanes, two of them major.
Storms
Hurricane One
| Category 4 hurricane (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 27, 1900 – September 15, 1900 |
| Intensity |
145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min), 936 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical storm formed in the south central Atlantic on August 27 with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). The weak tropical storm moved west-northwest for a week through the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Cuba. After leaving Cuba and entering the Gulf of Mexico, it intensified rapidly into a Category 1 hurricane late on September 6 and eventually to a Category 4 hurricane on September 8, packing 145 mph (230 km/h) winds before making landfall near Galveston, Texas.[1] The hurricane's storm surge and wind damage was catastrophic, resulting in an immense loss of life. After moving inland, it quickly weakened to a tropical storm and began to move northeast across the central United States through Michigan and into New York and through Maine. All in all, the Great Galveston Hurricane is responsible for 8,000 to 12,000 deaths, making it the deadliest natural disaster ever to strike the United States.
Hurricane Two
| Category 3 hurricane (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 7, 1900 – September 19, 1900 |
| Intensity |
120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min) |
Another storm formed unusually close in time to the previous one on September 8, to the north-east of the Lesser Antilles. It gathered steam as it tracked to the north-west, and became a strong Category 3 hurricane with maximum winds of 120 mph (193 km/h).[2] Suddenly, it veered to the north and then tracked north-east away from any land, passing by Bermuda and into the north Atlantic, where it dissipated.
Hurricane Three
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 8, 1900 – September 23, 1900 |
| Intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) |
The rest of the season was fairly quiet, with the next hurricane forming off Africa as a Cape Verde-type hurricane on September 9. This one turned north, reaching Category 2 status with maximum winds of 100 mph (161 km/h)[3] , then turned east and quickly performed a complete loop as a Category 1, sending it west, away from Africa. It continued on a west-northwesterly track, until it ran into unfavorable conditions and dissipated.
Tropical Storm Four
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 11, 1900 – September 15, 1900 |
| Intensity |
50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) |
The next storm formed on September 10, directly south of Cuba. It skimmed the western-most tip of Cuba as a 40 mph (64 km/h) tropical storm, then made its way up to the United States, and hit at the southern tip of Alabama and Mississippi. It went up into Alabama, with maximum winds of 50 mph (80 km/h).[4] It skimmed over Alabama and into Georgia, where it died out.
Tropical Storm Five
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 4, 1900 – October 14, 1900 |
| Intensity |
70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min) |
The next storm formed in about the same area as the last one on October 4, and went north-east as well. It then veered west, looking as if would hit the east coast of Florida. Suddenly, it turned north as a 70 mph (113 km/h) tropical storm.[5] It continued north, where it eventually hit Nova Scotia. It went unusually far north, past Canada, before it dissipated.
Tropical Storm Six
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 10, 1900 – October 12, 1900 |
| Intensity |
45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min) |
On October 10, a tropical storm developed west of the Yucatán Peninsula and began moving northeast through the Gulf of Mexico, strengthening little. The system made landfall near Lake City, Florida on October 12 with 45 mph (75 km/h) winds[6] and quickly became extratropical as it moved across northern Florida. The extratropical low skirted the East Coast of the United States before making landfall on Long Island, New York and accelerating through New England into eastern Canada, where it dissipated.[6]
Tropical Storm Seven
| Tropical storm (SSHS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 24, 1900 – October 29, 1900 |
| Intensity |
50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) |
A tropical depression was first observed southeast of Puerto Rico on October 24. The system moved west-northwestward over Hispaniola and gradually strengthened, becoming a tropical storm off the coast of Haiti on October 26.[7] The storm then recurved to the north-northeast over the Bahamas, strengthening slightly to a peak of 50 mph (85 km/h) on October 27 before becoming extratropical over the open Atlantic Ocean on October 29.[7]
See also
References
- ^ HURDAT. "HURDAT Archive on Hurricane 1 of 1900". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1900_1. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
- ^ HURDAT. "HURDAT Archive on Hurricane 2 of 1900". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1900_2. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
- ^ HURDAT. "HURDAT Archive on Hurricane 3 of 1900". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1900_3. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
- ^ HURDAT. "HURDAT Archive on Tropical Storm 4 of 1900". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1900_4. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
- ^ HURDAT. "HURDAT Archive on Tropical Storm 5 of 1900". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1900_5. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
- ^ a b HURDAT. "HURDAT Archive on Tropical Storm 6 of 1900". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1900_6. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
- ^ a b HURDAT. "HURDAT Archive on Tropical Storm 7 of 1900". HURDAT. http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyhurdat_5105.html#1900_7. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
External links
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