1904 in Germany

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Events in the year 1904 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

• Kaiser - Wilhelm II
• Chancellor - Bernhard von Bülow

State level

Kingdoms

• King of Bavaria - Otto of Bavaria
• King of Prussia - Kaiser Wilhelm II
• King of Saxony - George of Saxony to 15 October then Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
• King of Württemberg - William II of Württemberg

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden - Frederick I
• Grand Duke of Hesse - Ernest Louis
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Frederick Francis IV
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Frederick William to 30 May, then Adolphus Frederick V
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg - Frederick Augustus II
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - William Ernest

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe - George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt - Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Principality of Lippe - Alexander, Prince of Lippe (with Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld to 26 September, and then Leopold, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, as regents)
• Reuss Elder Line - Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line as regent)
• Reuss Younger Line - Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
• Waldeck and Pyrmont - Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt - Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt to 24 January, then Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
• Duke of Brunswick - Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg - Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen - Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial Governors

• Cameroon (Kamerun) - Jesko von Puttkamer (8th term) to 9 May, then Otto Gleim (acting governor) (1st term)
• Kiaochow (Kiautschou) - Oskar von Truppel
• German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) - Gustav Adolf von Götzen
• German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) - Albert Hahl (2nd term)
• German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) - Wilhelm Solf
• German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) - Theodor Leutwein
• Togoland - Waldemar Horn

Events

• 12 January - The Herero of Deutsch-Südwestafrika, under the leadership of Samuel Maharero, rise against German colonial rule. The rising marks the beginning of what has become known as the Herero and Namaqua Genocide.
• 3 March - Kaiser Wilhelm II becomes the first person to make a political recording of a document, using Thomas Edison's cylinder.
• 11 August - The German Imperial Army, under Lothar von Trotha, defeat the Herero tribesmen at the Battle of Waterberg.

Architecture

• The Prussian House of Lords is rebuilt.
• The Kaiserbrücke in Mainz is completed.
• Publisher Pier Verlag established in Munich.

Arts

• Max Beckmann, Hans Purrmann, and Alexej von Jawlensky are added to the Berlin Secession group of artists.^[1]
• Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth paints a series of three portraits depicting socialite Marianne Lichtwark.^[2]

Commerce

• September - Stationery manufacturer Herlitz established in Berlin.
• Accumulatoren-Fabrik AFA establishes its battery making subsidiary VARTA in Hagen.

Diplomacy

• 8 April - The Convention of Istanbul, signed by a number of powers including Germany in 1888, came into force.^[3]

Science

• Foundation of the German Journal for Evidence and Quality in Healthcare ZEFQ.

Sport

Association football

• 16 April - FC Einigkeit Braunschweig established.
• 4 May - FC Schalke 04 established.
• 21 May - The International Federation of Association Football, FIFA, is established with Germany as a founder member.
• 13 June - Westfalia Herne established.
• 1 July - Bayer 04 Leverkusen established.
• 1 July - Alemannia Schwäbisch Gmünd established.
• 4 July - Borussia Fulda established.
• 25 July - Reinickendorfer FC West established.
• 4 August - FC Singen 04 established
• Date unknown - Germania Breslau, Sport Club Reuß, Fußball-Club Prussia Königsberg, Oberhausener SV and 1. Würzburger FV 04 amongst the other clubs established.

Other

• 1 July to 24 November - 1904 Summer Olympics take place in St. Louis, Missouri. Germany finishes second in the overall medal table with four gold medals, four silver and five bronze. The four gold medals all come in the swimming events, with two for Emil Rausch and one each for Walter Brack and Georg Zacharias.
• Date unknown - The inaugural Berlin City Chess Championship is won by Horatio Caro.

Transport

• The Berlin Mexikoplatz station is opened under the name Zehlendorf-Beerenstraße.

Ships launched

• SMS Deutschland (battleship)
• SMS Lothringen (battleship)
• SS Scharnhorst (passenger liner)
• SMS Yorck (armoured cruiser)

Publications

Drama

• Erich Mühsam - The Con Men
• Frank Wedekind - Die Büchse der Pandora

Non-fiction

• Ernst Haeckel - Kunstformen der Natur

Births

• 2 January - Walter Heitler, physicist
• 8 January - Karl Brandt, Nazi physician
• 9 January - Wilhelm Groth, physical chemist
• 18 February - Otto Rahn, medievalist and SS officer
• 22 February - Ernst Jakob Henne, racing driver
• 28 February - Alfred Bohrmann, astronomer
• 5 March - Karl Rahner, theologian
• 7 March - Reinhard Heydrich, chief of the RSHA
• 1o March - Adalbert Schneider, Navy officer
• 11 March - Albrecht von Hagen, Resistance fighter
• 12 March - Adolf Arndt, politician
• 21 March - Karl Leonhard, psychiatrist
• 24 March - Hans Ertel, natural scientist
• 26 March - Hermann Schroeder, composer
• 6 April - Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany
• 9 April - Kurt Dobratz, U-boat commander
• 12 April - Paul Dahlke, actor
• 15 April - Valentin Krempl, bobsledder
• 17 April - Franz Reuß, Luftwaffe general
• 27 April - Fritz Weitzel, SS officer
• 28 April - Elisabeth Schumacher, Resistance fighter
• 4 May - Josef Pieper, philosopher
• 7 May - Kurt Weitzmann, art historian
• 8 May - Franz Schreiber, SS officer
• 9 May - Reinhard Schwarz-Schilling, composer
• 23 May - Johannes Flintrop, critic of Nazism
• 6 June - Heinrich von Brentano, politician
• 14 June - Marion Yorck von Wartenburg, jurist and Resistance fighter
• 9 July - Ernst Küppers, swimmer
• 14 July - Hans von Herwarth, diplomat
• 15 July - Rudolf Arnheim, film theorist
• 2 August - Werner Seelenbinder, wrestler and communist
• 9 August - Hasso von Boehmer, Army officer
• 10 August - Karl Helling, chess master
• 16 August - Klaus von Pape, Nazi 'martyr'
• 24 August - Ludwig Schmidseder, composer and pianist
• 29 August - Werner Forssmann, physician and Nobel Prize in Medicine laureate
• 30 August - Friedrich von Mellenthin, Army general
• 1 September - Karl Ernst, Sturmabteilung leader
• 8 September - Karl Hessenberg, mathematician
• 14 September - Walter Meyer, rower
• 3 October - Ernst-Günther Schenck, SS officer
• 21 October - Basilea Schlink, founder and leader of the Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary
• 23 October - Maximilien de Furstenberg, Roman Catholic cardinal
• 23 October - Fritz Poske, U-boat commander
• 12 November - Edmund Veesenmayer, Nazi politician
• 13 November - Günter Reimann, communist activist
• 13 November - Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, jurist and Resistance fighter
• 26 November - Bernhard Krüger, SS officer
• 11 December - Felix Nussbaum, surrealist painter
• 17 December - Josef-Franz Eckinger, Army officer
• 30 December - Edith Schultze-Westrum, actress
• Date unknown - Heinz Kloss, linguist
• Date unknown - Wolfgang Stresemann, orchestra leader

Deaths

• 4 January - Friedrich Jolly, neurologist
• 5 January - Karl Alfred von Zittel, palaeontologist
• 6 January - Friedrich von Hefner-Alteneck, electrical engineer
• 10 January - Christian August Friedrich Garcke, botanist
• 20 January - Albert von Maybach, railway manager
• 24 January - Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt, nobleman
• 24 February - Ernst von Prittwitz und Gaffron, Prussian general
• 5 March - Alfred von Waldersee, Field Marshal
• 22 March - Karl Moritz Schumann, botanist
• 1 April - Otto von Böhtlingk, Indologist
• 6 May - Franz von Lenbach, painter
• 21 May - Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg, nobleman
• 24 May - Duchess Maria Isabella of Württemberg, noblewoman
• 30 May - Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, nobleman
• 5 July - Franz Martin Hilgendorf, zoologist
• 4 August - Christoph von Sigwart, philosopher
• 5 August - Karl Weigert, pathologist
• 9 August - Friedrich Ratzel, geographer
• 26 August - Franz Riegel, internist
• 3 September - Heinrich Koebner, dermatologist
• 18 September - Herbert von Bismarck, politician
• 26 September - Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, nobleman, regent of the Principality of Lippe
• 8 October - Clemens Winkler, chemist who discovered germanium
• 15 October - George, King of Saxony
• 29 October - Emil Schlagintweit, scholar of Tibetan Buddhism
• 10 November - Alphons Stübel, geologist and vulcanologist
• 19 November - Hans von Hopfen, writer
• 2 December - Prince Frederick of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, nobleman
• 20 December - Alexandrine of Baden (1820–1904), noblewoman
• 25 December - Guido Bodländer, chemist
• Date unknown - Gustav Kessler, trade unionist
• Date unknown - Eduard von Martens, zoologist
• Date unknown - Carl August Wilhelm Schwacke, botanist

References