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| Route of the 1905 Tour de France Followed clockwise, starting in Paris |
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| Race details | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dates | 9–30 July 1905 [1] | ||
| Stages | 11 | ||
| Distance | 2,994 km (1,860 mi) | ||
| Winning time | 35 points (27.481 km/h/17.076 mph) | ||
| Palmarès | |||
| Winner |  Louis Trousselier |
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| Second | Hippolyte Aucouturier |
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| Third | Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq |
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The 1905 Tour de France was the third Tour de France, held from 9 July to 30 July 1905. Other than the two previous editions, the classification was not made by time but by points. The race saw the introduction of mountains in the Tour de France. It was won by Louis Trousselier, who also won four of the eleven stages.
Contents |
Changes from 1904
After the 1904 Tour de France, some cyclists were disqualified, most notably the top four cyclists of the original overall classification, Maurice Garin, Lucien Pothier, César Garin and Hippolyte Aucouturier. Maurice Garin was originally banned for two years and Pothier for life, so they were ineligible to start the 1905 Tour de France. Of these four, only Aucouturier (who had been "warned" and had a "reprimand inflicted" on him, started the 1905 Tour.[2]
Because these disqualifications had almost put an end to the Tour de France, the 1905 event had been changed in important ways:
- The stages were shortened so that no night riding occurred.
- The number of stages increased to 11 stages, almost double from the previous year.
- The winner was selected on points, not time.[3]
The first cyclist to cross the finish line received 1 point. Other cyclists received one point more than the cyclist who passed line directly before him, plus an additional point for every five minutes between them, with a maximum of ten points. In this way, a cyclist could not get more than 11 points more than the cyclist that crossed the finish line just before him.[4]
As an example for this point system, the result for the first seven cyclists in the first stage is in this table:
| Cyclist | Time | Difference with previous finisher |
Extra points | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louis Trousselier | 11h25' | — | 1 | 1 |
| Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq | +3' | 3' | 1 | 2 |
| René Pottier | +4' | 1' | 1 | 3 |
| Hippolyte Aucouturier | +26' | 22' | 5 | 8 |
| Henri Cornet | +26' | 0' | 1 | 9 |
| Augustin Ringeval | +1h40' | 74' | 11 | 20 |
| Émile Georget | + 2h40' | 60' | 11 | 31 |
Trousselier received one point as the winner, and Dortignac and Pottier received 2 and 3 points, being second and third. The fourth finisher, Aucouturier, was 22 minutes behind number three, so he received five additional points, to make 8 in total. Cornet, the next finisher, was within 5 minutes of Aucouturier, so he received only one point more, 9 points. The sixth cyclist, Ringeval, was 74 minutes behind; this would mean 15 extra points. This is more than the maximum of 11 points, so Ringeval had 20 points after the first stage instead of 24. Similar with Georget: although he was 60 minutes behind (13 points), he only received 11 extra points for this.
Main riders
After Maurice Garin was banned from starting the Tour, the next favourite based on prior results was Hippolyte Aucouturier,[5]. Although Trousselier had already won Paris-Roubaix in April,[6] he was no pre-race favourite.
Race details
Despite the rule changes, there were still protesters among the spectators; in the first stage all riders except Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq punctured due to 125 kg of nails[3] spread along the road.[7] The first stage was won by Louis Trousselier. Trousselier was serving the army, and had requested his commander allowed leave for the Tour de France; this was only allowed for 24 hours.[8] After he won the first stage and lead the classification, his leave was extended until the end of the Tour.[9] From 60 starting cyclists, only 16 cyclists reached the finish line within the time limit; 15 more reached the finish after the limit and the rest took the train.[10] The Tour organizer Desgrange wanted to quit the race, but was persuaded by the cyclist not to do so, and allowed every cyclist to start again the next day.[10]
In the second stage, the first major climb, the Ballon d'Alsace, made its debut. It was won by René Pottier without dismounting with an average speed of 20 km/h.[3] Pottier also became second in the stage after Hippolyte Aucouturier, and lead the classification.[7]
In the third stage, Pottier had to abandon due to tendonitis.[11] The lead was back with Trousselier, who would also win that third stage.
In the fourth stage, the Côte de Laffrey and the Col Bayard were climbed, the second and third mountains of the Tour de France.[4] Julien Maitron reached both tops first, but Aucouturier went on to win the stage. Trousselier finished in second place, still leading the overall classification. He then increased his lead by winning the fifth stage, and finishing third in the sixth stage.
In the seventh stage to Bordeaux, Trousselier punctured after only a few kilometers. The rest of the cyclists quickly sped away from him, and Trousselier had no choice but to follow them alone for 200 km. A few kilometers before Bordeaux, Trousselier caught up with the rest, and even managed to win the sprint.[12]
Louis Trousselier kept his lead until to end of the Tour de France, winning five of the stages. Trousselier was accused of bad sportsmanship (he reportedly smashed the inkstands of a control post to prevent his opponents from signing[11]), but unlike the 1904 Tour de France, this time no important cyclists were disqualified.
Results
Stage results
All the 11 stages were won by only three cyclists:
- Notes
- ^ In 1905, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate that the stage included mountains.
Overall results
Before the race started, 78 riders had entered the race. Eighteen of those did not start the race, so the Tour began with 60 riders, including former winner Henri Cornet and future winners René Pottier and Lucien Petit-Breton.
| Rank | Rider | Sponsor | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Louis Trousselier |
Peugeot–Wolber | 35 |
| 2 | Hippolyte Aucouturier (FRA) |
Peugeot–Wolber | 61 |
| 3 | Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq (FRA) |
Saving | 64 |
| 4 | Emile Georget (FRA) |
JC Cycles | 123 |
| 5 | Lucien Petit-Breton (FRA) |
JC Cycles | 155 |
| 6 | Augustin Ringeval (FRA) |
JC Cycles | 202 |
| 7 | Paul Chauvet (FRA) |
Griffon | 231 |
| 8 | Philippe Pautrat (FRA) |
JC Cycles | 248 |
| 9 | Julien Maitron (FRA) |
Peugeot–Wolber/Griffon | 255 |
| 10 | Julien Gabory (FRA) |
JC Cycles | 304 |
| General Classification (11–24) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Rider | Sponsor | Points |
| 11 |  Alois Catteau (BEL) |
Catteau Cycles | 355 |
| 12 | Martin Soulie (FRA) |
JC Cycles | 358 |
| 13 | Léon Leygoute (FRA) |
Peugeot–Wolber | 394 |
| 14 | Camille Fily (FRA) |
Guerin Cycles | 415 |
| 15 | Antony Wattelier (FRA) |
Peugeot–Wolber | 441 |
| 16 | Henri Lignon (FRA) |
JC Cycles | 488 |
| 17 | Maurice Decaup (FRA) |
Alcyon–Dunlop | 490 |
| 18 | Maurice Carrere (FRA) |
Pirate–Michelin | 497 |
| 19 | Gustave Guillarme (FRA) |
Renault | 509 |
| 20 | Julien Lootens (BEL) |
JC Cycles | 515 |
| 21 | Pinchau (FRA) |
? | 707 |
| 22 | Eugène Ventresque (FRA) |
Saving | 792 |
| 23 | Fernand Lallement (FRA) |
Peugeot–Wolber | 797 |
| 24 | Clovis Lacroix (FRA) |
Saving | 870 |
Aftermath
The tour organizers liked the effect of the points system, and it remained active until the 1912 Tour de France, after which it was reverted to the time system. In 1953, for the 50-years anniversary of the Tour de France, the points system was reintroduced as the points classification, and the winner was given a green jersey. This points classification has been active ever since.
The introduction of mountains in the Tour de France had also been successful. Had the 1905 Tour de France only included the Vosges, in 1906 the Massif Central were climbed, followed by the Pyrénées in 1910 and the Alps in 1911.
The winner Trousselier would not win a Tour de France again, but he still won eight more stages and finished on the podium in the next year.[13] The unofficial mountain champion of the 1905 Tour de France, Pottier, would be more successful in the next year, when he won the overall classification and five stages.[14]
For l'Auto, the newspaper that organized the Tour de France, the race was a success; the circulation had increased to 100.000.[15]
References
- ^ Jacques Augendre (2009). "Guide Historique" (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1254580608579206. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
- ^ Tom James (4 April 2001). ""The Tour is finished..."". VeloArchive. http://homepage.ntlworld.com/veloarchive/races/tour/1904.htm. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
- ^ a b c "A new formula is devised". VeloArchive. 4 April 2001. http://homepage.ntlworld.com/veloarchive/races/tour/1905.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ a b c d "3ème Tour de France 1905" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 2009-05-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5gVchFd9E. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
- ^ "Ranking 1869 - 1904". Cycling Ranking. http://www.cyclingranking.com/Rankings/OverallUntil.aspx?fyear=1869&lyear=1904. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
- ^ "Results Louis Trousselier". CyclingWebsite. http://www.cyclingwebsite.net/coureuruitslagenfiche.php?coureurid=7607. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
- ^ a b "Tour de France 1905 history". ASO. http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/histoire.html. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ "1905: Louis Trousselier" (in Dutch). Tourdefrance.nl. 12-5-2003. http://www.tourdefrance.nl/achtergronden\tourwinnaars\1905--Louis-Trousselier-765.html.
- ^ "Memo Louis Trousselier". CyclingWebsite. http://www.cyclingwebsite.net/coureurmemofiche.php?coureurmemoid=846&coureurid=7607. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
- ^ a b "Louis Trousselier wint Tour de France 1905" (in Dutch). NieuwsDossier. 8 January 2008. http://www.nieuwsdossier.nl/dossier/1905-07-30/Louis+Trousselier+wint+Tour+de+France+1905. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ a b Lorraine Mace (2004). "Convicts of the road". Archived from the original on 2009-05-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5gVcirhlK. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
- ^ "1905: Louis Trousselier veruit de beste" (in Dutch). Tourdefrance.nl. 2003-03-19. http://www.tourdefrance.nl/achtergronden/tourverhalen/1905--Louis-Trousselier-veruit-de-beste-491.html. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
- ^ "Past results for Louis Trousselier (FRA)". ASO. Archived from the original on 2009-05-27. http://www.webcitation.org/5h5mChqHE. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "Past results for Rene Pottier (FRA)". ASO. http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/coureur/1364.html. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "Tour de France" (in Dutch). Koninklijke Bibliotheek. 8 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-05-03. http://www.webcitation.org/5gVchgK02. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
External links
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