1951 in science
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1951 in science
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The year 1951 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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Contents
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Biology
- Niko Tinbergen publishes The Study of Instinct.
Computer science
- February - Ferranti deliver their first Mark 1 computer to the University of Manchester (UK). It is the world's first commercially-available general-purpose electronic computer.[1]
- March 30 - Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau. It is inaugurated on June 14.[2]
- May 5 - The Ferranti NIMROD computer is presented at the Science Museum (London) during the Festival of Britain. It is designed exclusively to play Nim, using panels of lights, the first instance of a digital computer designed specifically for such a purpose.[3]
- November 29 - LEO becomes the first computer to run a full commercial business application, for the British bakers J. Lyons and Co.[4]
- EDVAC binary electronic stored program computer incorporating high speed delay line memory begins operation at the United States Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground.[5]
Medicine
- Richard Asher describes Münchausen syndrome.[6]
Physics
- Edward Teller and Stanisław Ulam, working for the United States, develop the first thermonuclear bomb.
Psychology
- Solomon Asch begins publication of his conformity experiments showing how group pressure can persuade an individual to conform to an obviously wrong opinion.
Technology
- July 5 - William Shockley invents the junction transistor.
Organizations
- August 18 - Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur inaugurated in West Bengal as the first of the Indian Institutes of Technology.
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Copley Medal: David Keilin
- Wollaston Medal for Geology - Olaf Holtedahl
Births
- July 1 - Niels Krabbe, Danish ornithologist.
- September 18 - John Clark (died 2004), English molecular biologist.
- September 30 - Barry Marshall, Australian physician, Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 2005
Deaths
- April 6 - Robert Broom (born 1866), paleontologist
- April 22 - Horace Donisthorpe (born 1870), British entomologist
- October 4 - Henrietta Lacks (born 1921), source of the HeLa cell line
References
- ^ Lavington, Simon Hugh; Society, British Computer (1998). A History of Manchester Computers. British Computer Society. ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=JRbESAAACAAJ.
- ^ "50th anniversary of the UNIVAC I". CNN. 2001-06-14. http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/industry/06/14/computing.anniversary/. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
- ^ "Welcome to Nimrod!". Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. http://www.goodeveca.net/nimrod/. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ^ Ferry, Georgina (2004). "4". A Computer Called LEO: Lyons Tea Shops and the World's First Office Computer. London: Harper Perennial. ISBN 1-84115-186-6.
- ^ Wilkes, M. V. (1956). Automatic Digital Computers. New York: Wiley.
- ^ Asher, Richard (10 February 1951). "Munchausen's Syndrome". The Lancet 1 (6650): 339–341. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(51)92313-6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673651923136. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
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