1968 in science
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1968 in science
| List of years in science (table) |
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The year 1968 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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Contents
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Astronomy
- Thomas Gold explains the recently discovered radio pulsars as rapidly rotating neutron stars; subsequent observations confirm the suggestion.[1]
Computer science
- July 18 - The semiconductor chip company Intel is founded by Gordon E. Moore and Robert Noyce in Mountain View, California.
Medicine
- January 2 - Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the second successful human heart transplant, in South Africa, on Philip Blaiberg, who survives for nineteen months.
- Publication of a Harvard committee report on irreversible coma establishes a paradigm for defining brain death.[2][3]
Physics
- Georges Charpak develops the multiwire proportional chamber for particle detection at CERN.[4]
Psychology
- John Darley and Bibb Latané demonstrate the bystander effect.[5]
- Walter Mischel publishes Personality and Assessment.
Robotics
- January - Miomir Vukobratović proposes Zero Moment Point, a theoretical model to explain biped locomotion.
Space exploration
- October 11 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn Fulton Eisele and R. Walter Cunningham aboard. Goals for the mission include the first live television broadcast from orbit and testing the lunar module docking maneuver.
- December 24 - Apollo 8 enters Moon orbit. Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William A. Anders are the first humans to see the far side of the Moon and planet Earth as a whole.
Events
- April 4 - United States theatrical release of Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey, based on a story by Arthur C. Clarke.
Publications
- James D. Watson - The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA.
Awards
Births
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Deaths
- March 27 - Yuri Gagarin (born 1934), cosmonaut, the first man in space.
- April 1 - Lev Davidovich Landau (born 1908), Russian physicist.
- July 28 - Otto Hahn (born 1879), German chemist who received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- October 27 - Lise Meitner (born 1878), German physicist, discoverer in 1939, with Otto Hahn, of nuclear fission.
References
- ^ Nature 218 pp. 731-732.
- ^ "A definition of irreversible coma: report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to examine the definition of brain death". Journal of the American Medical Association 205 (6): 337–340. 1968. http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/205/6/337.short.
- ^ Machado, Calixto (2005). "The first organ transplant from a brain-dead donor". Neurology 64 (11): 1938–42. http://www.neurology.org/content/64/11/1938.full.
- ^ "1968: Georges Charpak revolutionizes detection". CERN. 2008. http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/About/History68-en.html. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
- ^ Darley, J. M. & Latané, B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 8: 377–383. http://www.wadsworth.com/psychology_d/templates/student_resources/0155060678_rathus/ps/ps19.html.
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