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The year 1969 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents |
Astronomy and space exploration
- January 15 - The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 5.
- March 3 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module.
- March 13 - Apollo program: Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.
- May 16 - Venera program: Venera 5, a Soviet spaceprobe, lands on Venus.
- May 17 - Venera program: Soviet Venera 6 begins to descend into Venus', atmosphere sending back atmospheric data before being crushed by pressure.
- May 18 - Apollo program: Apollo 10 launches.
- May 22 - Apollo program: Apollo 10's lunar module flies within 15,400 m of the Moon's surface.
- May 26 - Apollo program: Apollo 10 returns to Earth after a successful eight-day test of all the components needed for the upcoming first manned Moon landing.
- July 20 - Apollo program: The human race, represented by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, lands on the Moon. Apollo 11 lifted off for the Moon on July 16 and returned safely on July 24.
- August 5 - Mariner program: Mariner 7 makes its closest fly-by of Mars (3,524 kilometers).
- November 14 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 12, the second manned mission to the surface of the Moon (landed on the Moon on November 19).
- November 19 - Apollo program: Apollo 12 astronauts Charles Conrad and Alan Bean land at Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms") and become the third and fourth humans to walk on the Moon.
Biology
- Thomas D. Brock and Hudson Freeze of Indiana University publish their findings on hyperthermophilic bacteria, most notably Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium species living at a temperature of 60-80°C in a hot spring at Yellowstone National Park.[1] T. aquaticus (Taq) later becomes a standard source of enzymes able to withstand higher temperatures than those from E. Coli. See also: History of polymerase chain reaction
Computer science
- April 7 - RFC 1, the first Request for Comments document from the Internet Engineering Task Force is published.
- November 21 - The first ARPANET link is established.
Medicine
- April 4 - Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.
Meteorology
- Herbert Saffir and Bob Simpson develop the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
Awards
Births
- December 28 - Linus Torvalds, programmer
Deaths
- August 17 - Otto Stern (b. 1888), physicist, Nobellaurette in Physics in 1943.
- October 21 - Waclaw Sierpinski (b. 1882), Polish mathematician.
Organisations
References
- ^ Brock, Thomas D.; Hudson Freeze (Aug. 1969). "Thermus aquaticus gen. n. and sp. n., a nonsporulating extreme thermophile". Journal of Bacteriology (American Society for Microbiology) 98 (1): 289-297. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=249935&blobtype=pdf.
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