1972 Winter Olympics

XI Olympic Winter Games

The emblem comprises the Rising Sun of Japan; a snowflake, a symbol of winter; and the Olympic rings with “Sapporo ’72” underneath.
Host city	Sapporo, Japan
Nations participating	35
Athletes participating	1006 (801 men, 205 women)
Events	35 in 6 sports
Opening ceremony	February 3
Closing ceremony	February 13
Officially opened by	Emperor Hirohito
Athlete's Oath	Keiichi Suzuki
Judge's Oath	Fumio Asaki
Olympic Torch	Hideki Takada
Stadium	Makomanai Open Stadium

The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XI Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated from February 3 to February 13, 1972 in Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympics to be held outside Europe and North America, and only the 3rd game (summer or winter) held outside those regions over all, after Melbourne (1956 Summer Olympics) and Tokyo (1964 Summer Olympics). Sapporo was the largest city to have held any Winter Games at the time.

Host city selection

Sapporo first won the rights to host the 1940 Winter Olympics, but Japan resigned as the Games' host after its 1937 invasion of China. The 1940 Games were later cancelled. All the cities awarded Games that were cancelled due to war have since hosted the Games (Berlin, London, Tokyo, Helsinki, Sapporo and Cortina d'Ampezzo).

Sapporo competed with Banff, Lahti, and Salt Lake City. The Games were awarded at the 64th IOC Session in Rome, Italy, on April 26, 1966.

In preparation, the Japanese constructed new largescale facilities at Sapporo and conducted a trial run a full year in advance of the Games. An international sport week was held in February, 1971, to assess the city's preparations as well as "to test its civic mettle and hospitality", and this effort was acclaimed by Olympic observers as "a complete success".^[1] The development of new infrastructure proved to be a huge boon for the Sapporo economy: by the time of the Games, the national government had invested some US$500 million in upgrades, including a new subway.^[1] The Games' organizers themselves turned a healthy profit in part because they arranged a record $8.47 million for broadcast rights.^[2]

1972 Winter Olympics bidding result[3]
City	Country	Round 1
Sapporo	Japan	32
Banff	Canada	16
Lahti	Finland	7
Salt Lake City	United States	7

Highlights

• Prior to these games, Japan had never won a gold medal in the Winter Olympics. The host country shone in Sapporo when three Japanese athletes, led by Yukio Kasaya, swept the ski jumping 70m (current K-90 normal hill) event for gold (Kasaya), silver (Akitsugu Konno), and bronze (Seiji Aochi).
• Galina Kulakova of the USSR won all three cross-country skiing events for women.
• Dutch skater Ard Schenk won three gold medals in speed skating.
• In Alpine skiing, virtual unknown Swiss Marie-Thérès Nadig won both the downhill and the giant slalom events.
• Magnar Solberg from Norway was the first repeat winner in the individual 20 km biathlon event, having first won in Grenoble.^[4]
• Spain scored its first Winter gold medal courtesy of slalom skier Francisco Fernandez Ochoa.
• American speedskaters Anne Henning and Diane Holum made the US's best showing in the Winter Games, winning two gold, a silver, and a bronze.^[2]
• Three days before the Games, controversy over amateur status arose when IOC president Avery Brundage threatened to disqualify 40 alpine skiiers who received endorsement and other deals. Austrian skier Karl Schranz, who received over $50,000 per year from ski manufacturers, was banned as an example. Meanwhile, Canada refused to send an ice hockey team, maintaining that professional ice hockey players from Communist nations were allowed to compete with no restrictions.^[5]
• On a historical note, these Games are the last where a skier won the gold medal using all-wooden skis. Since this time, top-level cross-country skiiers use skis made mostly of fibreglass synthetics.^[6]
• In female Figure skating event, American skater Janet Lynn won not only a bronze medal, but also tremendous popularity among Japanese audiences because of her artistic free program, as to make appearance on the cover of "Olympic Winter Games, Sapporo 1972" photo books published in Japan, and even on Japanese TV commercials later.
• Luge had its only tie in the history of the Winter Olympics in the men's doubles event.

Venues

• City venues
  • Makomanai Park
    • Makomanai Speed Skating Rink¹ – opening ceremonies, speed skating
    • Makomanai Ice Arena¹ – ice hockey, figure skating, closing ceremonies
    • Olympic village¹
    • Press center¹
  • Mikaho Indoor Skating Rink¹ – figure skating
  • Tsukisamu Indoor Skating Rink¹ – ice hockey
  • Makomanai Cross-Country Events Site¹ – cross-country skiing, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing)
  • Makomanai Biathlon Site¹ – biathlon
• Mountain venues
  • Mt. Teine Alpine Skiing courses¹ – alpine skiing (slalom, giant slalom)
  • Mt. Teine Bobsleigh Course – bobsleigh
  • Mt. Teine Luge Course – luge
  • Okurayama Jump Hill² – ski jumping (large hill)
  • Miyanomori Jump Hill¹ – Nordic combined (ski jumping), ski jumping (normal hill)
  • Mount Eniwa Downhill Course¹ – alpine skiing (downhill)

¹ New facilities constructed in preparation for the Olympic Games. ² Existing facilities modified or refurbished in preparation for the Olympic Games.

Sports

Participating nations

35 nations participated in the 1972 Winter Olympics. The Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) and the Philippines participated in their first Winter Olympic Games.

Medal count

These are the top ten nations that won medals at these Games. The host nation Japan finished 11th.

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Soviet Union	8	5	3	16
2	East Germany	4	3	7	14
3	Switzerland	4	3	3	10
4	Netherlands	4	3	2	9
5	United States	3	2	3	8
6	West Germany	3	1	1	5
7	Norway	2	5	5	12
8	Italy	2	2	1	5
9	Austria	1	2	2	5
10	Sweden	1	1	2	4
11	Japan	1	1	1	3

See also

Olympics portal

• 1972 Summer Paralympics
• 1972 Summer Olympics
• Olympic games celebrated in Japan
  • 1964 Summer Olympics – Tokyo
  • 1972 Winter Olympics – Sapporo
  • 1998 Winter Olympics – Nagano

• Winter Olympic Games
• Olympic Games
• International Olympic Committee
• List of IOC country codes

Notes

References

• "All the Medallists since 1896". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/en/content/All-Olympic-results-since-1896/?AthleteName=&Games=1334062&Country=&Sport=&TargetResults=true&resultsPageIPP=30. 
• Sapporo 72 – Official report, digitized copy online

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1972 Winter Olympics

• "Sapporo 1972". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Past-Olympic-Games/Winter/Sapporo-1972. 
• The program of the 1972 Sapporo Winter Olympics