1973 in Israel

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Events in the year 1973 in Israel.

Incumbents

• Prime Minister of Israel – Golda Meir (Alignment)
• President of Israel – Zalman Shazar until May 24, Ephraim Katzir
• Chief of General Staff - David Elazar
• Government of Israel - 15th Government of Israel

Events

This section requires expansion.

Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114: Artist's rendition of Libyan Arab Airlines 727 5A-DAH and two Israeli Air Force F-4 fighters over the Sinai Peninsula

• February 21 – Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 (Boeing 727) is shot down by Israeli fighter aircraft over the Sinai Desert, after the passenger plane is suspected of being an enemy military plane. Only five (one crew member and four passengers) of the 113 on board survive.
• April 10 – The Israeli Knesset elects Ephraim Katzir as President of Israel, by a majority of 66 votes to 41 votes caste in favour of his opponent, Ephraim Urbach.
• May 24 – Ephraim Katzir assumes office as the fourth president of the State of Israel.
• July – The 1973 Maccabiah Games are held.
• July 21 – Lillehammer affair: Israeli Mossad agents assassinate a Moroccan waiter in Lillehammer. He had been mistaken for Ali Hassan Salameh, one of the leaders of Black September, the Palestinian group responsible for the 1972's Munich Olympics Massacre, who had been given shelter in Norway. Six Mossad agents were arrested by the Norwegian authorities and the incident became known as the "Lillehammer affair".
• September 13 – a full-scale aerial over the Mediterranean sea between the Israeli Air Force and the Syrian Air Force. Israeli Air Force jets down 13 Syrian MiG-21s in a dogfights. One Israeli plane was downed but the pilot was rescued.^[1]
• October – The Likud part is founded by Menachem Begin in an alliance with several right-wing and liberal parties.

Yom Kippur War:

• October 6 – Yom Kippur War: The fourth and largest Arab–Israeli conflict begins, as Egypt and Syria initiate a surprise attack on Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights on Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the Hebrew calendar. Jordan, Iraq and other Arab nations support the Epyptian-Syrian war effort but do not take part in the conflict.
• October 8 –
  • Gabi Amir's armored brigade attacks Egyptian occupied positions on the Israeli side of the Suez Canal, in hope of driving them away. The attack fails, and over 150 Israeli tanks are destroyed.
  • The 188t brigade (Barak brigade), which played an important role in slowing the Syrian advance, is outnumbered and overwhelemed and, as a result, is almost completely destroyed as the Southern Golan Heights region is captured by the Syrian forces.
• October 12 – US President Richard Nixon authorizes Operation Nickel Grass, an overt strategic airlift to deliver weapons and supplies to Israel, after the Soviet Union began sending arms to Egypt and Syria.
• October 17 – The Arab Oil Embargo against several countries which allegedly support Israel triggers the 1973 energy crisis.
• October 21–22 – Third Battle of Mount Hermon: towards the end of the war, Israeli troops manage to capture the Israeli outpost and the Syrian outpost on Mount Hermon.
• November 11 – Egypt and Israel sign a United States-sponsored cease-fire accord.

Post-war:

• December 31 – the Alignment party headed by Golda Meir wins the eighth Israeli legislative elections.

• 

  Israeli tanks crossing the Suez Canal

• 

  M60 tank unloaded from a USAF C-5 Galaxy during Operation Nickel Grass

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1973 include:

Notable Palestinian militant operations against Israeli targets

This section requires expansion.

The most prominent Palestinian Arab terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1973 include:

• July 1 – Col. Yosef Alon, air force attache in the Israeli Embassy in Washington, was assassinated outside his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Declassified CIA documents, Alon's voluminous FBI case file, and interviews revealed in 2007 that a Palestinian source stated the murder was carried out by the Black September organization.^[2][3]
• September 19 – Ami Shachori, an agriculture counselor at the Israeli embassy in England, was assassinated by Black September militants.^[4][5]
• December 17 – Five Palestinian terrorists shoot at passengers waiting in an El Al Israel Airlines lounge at a Rome airport, killing two civilians. Then they hurled incendiary grenades at a Pan-Am Boeing 707 awaiting to take off, killing 29 passengers.^[6]

Notable Israeli military operations against Palestinian militancy targets

This section requires expansion.

The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1973 include:

• April 9–10 – Operation Spring of Youth: IDF special forces units attacks several Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) targets in Beirut and Sidon, Lebanon,^[7] During the operation, three of the highest-level PLO leaders, surprised at home, were killed, along with other PLO militants. Several Lebanese security people and civilian neighbors were also killed. Two Israeli soldiers were killed during the operation.

Unknown dates

• The founding of the kibbutz Ketura.

Notable births

• February 8 – Eviatar Banai, Israeli singer.
• May 10 – Aviv Geffen, Israeli singer.
• December 11 – Tal Berman, Israeli TV host and Radio broadcaster.

Notable deaths

David Ben-Gurion

• January 22 – Yaakov Dori (b. 1899), Russian (Ukraine)-born first Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces.
• March 15 – Mark Dvorzhetski (b. 1908), Russian (Lithuania)-born Israeli physician and historian.
• March 24 – Haim Hazaz (b. 1898), Russian (Ukraine)-born Israeli novelist.
• May 18 – Avraham Shlonsky (b. 1900), Russian (Ukraine)-born Israeli poet and editor.
• July 1 – Yosef Alon (b. 1929), Israeli pilot, co-founder of the Israeli Air Force, assassinated.
• July 8 – Ben-Zion Dinur (b. 1884), Russian (Ukraine)-born Israeli educator, historian and politician.
• October 13 – Major General Albert Mandler (b. 1929), Austrian-born Israeli major general, killed by Egyptian artillery fire during the Yom Kippur War.
• October - Lieutenant Colonel Avraham Lanir (b. 1940), the highest ranking Israeli fighter pilot to fall into enemy hands. He was tortured to death by his Syrian captors.
• October 17 – Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai (b. 1886), Austro-Hungarian (Galicia)-born Israeli biblical scholar, author and linguist.
• December 1 – David Ben-Gurion (b. 1886), Russian (Poland)-born Israeli politician and first Prime Minister of Israel.

Major public holidays

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See also

• 1973 in Israeli film
• 1973 in Israeli television
• 1973 in Israeli music
• 1973 in Israeli sport
• Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1973

References

1. ^ [1]
2. ^ Associated Press (July 1, 2007). "Discovery of CIA tip on Israeli envoy's killer could revive 1973 case". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876699.html. Retrieved December 2, 2008. 
3. ^ "Major Terror Attacks (1952-2003)." Jewish Virtual Library.
4. ^ Chronologies of modern terrorism. pg 185.
5. ^ Assassination in Khartoum. David A. Korn. pg 49
6. ^ Chronologies of modern terrorism. pg 189
7. ^ J. Bowyer Bell, Irving Louis Horowitz (2005) Assassin: Theory and Practice of Political Violence, pp137, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 1-4128-0509-0 Retrieved May 4, 2010

External links

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