1984 Tour de France
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1984 Tour de France
| Race details | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dates | 29 June–22 July 1984 | ||
| Stages | 23+Prologue | ||
| Distance | 4,020.9 km (2,498 mi) | ||
| Winning time | 112h 03' 40" (34.906 km/h or 21.690 mph) | ||
| Palmarès | |||
 |
Winner |  Laurent Fignon (France) |
(Renault) |
| Second | Bernard Hinault (France) |
(La Vie Claire) | |
| Third |  Greg LeMond (United States) |
(Renault) | |
|
|
|||
 |
Points |  Frank Hoste (Belgium) |
(Europ Decor) |
 |
Mountains |  Robert Millar (United Kingdom) |
(Peugeot) |
 |
Youth | Greg LeMond (United States) |
(Renault) |
 |
Sprints |  Jacques Hanegraaf (Netherlands) |
(Kwantum Hallen) |
| Team | Renault | ||
| Team Points | Panasonic | ||
|
← 1983
1985 →
|
|||
The 1984 Tour de France was the 71st Tour de France, run over 4020.9 km in 23 stages and a prologue, from 29 June to 22 July 1984.[1]
French rider Laurent Fignon won his second consecutive Tour, beating former teammate Bernard Hinault by over 10 minutes. Hinault was pursuing his fifth Tour victory after having sat out the 1983 Tour because of injuries. Also that year, Greg LeMond became the first American rider to finish in the top three and stand on the podium. Belgian cyclist Frank Hoste won the points classification, and British Robert Millar won the mountains classification. The race consisted of 23 stages, totaling 4,020 kilometers (2,500 mi).
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Contents
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Differences from the 1983 Tour de France
Before the 1984 Tour, the Intermediate sprints classification did not have a jersey. In the 1984 Tour, the organizers gave the leader of the classification a red jersey to wear.[2]
For the first time, the Société du Tour de France organized the Tour de France Féminin, a version for women.[notes 1] It was run in the same weeks as the male version, and won by Marianne Martin.[3]
Participants
The 1984 Tour started with 170 cyclists, divided into 17 teams of 10 cyclists:[2]
|
|
|
Race details
The 1984 Tour de France was a battle between Fignon and his former team captain Hinault. Hinault won the prologue, but Fignon won back time when his team won the team time trial in stage three.[4] After a large escape in the fifth stage, Fignon's team mate Vincent Barteau was leading the race. In the seventh stage, Fignon won the time trial, beating Hinault by 49 seconds.[5] Barteau was still leading the race, and remained the leader after the Pyrenées. In the sixteenth stage, Fignon again beat Hinault in a time trial, this time winning 33 seconds.[6] In the seventeenth stage, Hinault attacked five times on the penultimate climb, but every time Fignon was able to get back. Then, Fignon left Hinault behind, and won almost three more minutes on Hinault. Barteau was so far behind in this stage, that Fignon became the new leader.[7] Fignon won three more stages, for a total of five that year, and won the Tour with a ten minute margin. With his air of indifference in interviews and his crushing dominance, he was hailed as France's newest superstar.
Stages
The 1984 Tour de France started on 29 June, and had one rest day, in Grenoble.[8]
| Stage | Date | Route | Terrain | Length | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 29 June | Montreuil – Noisy-le-Sec |  Individual time trial |
5 km (3.1 mi) | Bernard Hinault (FRA) |
| 1 | 30 June | Bondy – St Denis |  Plain stage |
149 km (93 mi) | Frank Hoste (BEL) |
| 2 | 1 July | Bobigny – Louvroil | Plain stage |
249 km (155 mi) | Marc Madiot (FRA) |
| 3 | 2 July | Louvroil – Valenciennes | Team time trial |
51 km (32 mi) | Renault |
| 4 | 2 July | Valenciennes – Béthune | Plain stage |
83 km (52 mi) | Ferdi Van Den Haute (BEL) |
| 5 | 3 July | Béthune – Cergy-Pontoise | Plain stage |
207 km (129 mi) |  Paolo José Ferreira (POR) |
| 6 | 4 July | Cergy- Pontoise – Alençon | Plain stage |
202 km (126 mi) | Frank Hoste (BEL) |
| 7 | 5 July | Alençon – Le Mans | Individual time trial |
67 km (42 mi) | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
| 8 | 6 July | Le Mans – Nantes | Plain stage |
192 km (119 mi) | Pascal Jules (FRA) |
| 9 | 7 July | Nantes – Bordeaux | Plain stage |
338 km (210 mi) | Jan Raas (NED) |
| 10 | 8 July | Langon – Pau | Plain stage |
198 km (123 mi) | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) |
| 11 | 9 July | Pau – Guzet Neige |  Stage with mountain(s) |
227 km (141 mi) | Robert Millar (GBR) |
| 12 | 10 July | St Girons – Blagnac | Plain stage |
111 km (69 mi) | Pascal Poisson (FRA) |
| 13 | 11 July | Blagnac – Rodez | Plain stage |
220 km (140 mi) | Pierre-Henri Menthéour (FRA) |
| 14 | 12 July | Rodez – Domaine du Rouret |  Hilly stage |
228 km (142 mi) | Alfons De Wolf (BEL) |
| 15 | 13 July | Domaine du Rouret – Grenoble | Hilly stage |
241 km (150 mi) | Frédéric Vichot (FRA) |
| 16 | 15 July | Les Échelles – La Ruchère-en-Chartreuse | Individual time trial |
22 km (14 mi) | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
| 17 | 16 July | Grenoble – Alpe d'Huez | Stage with mountain(s) |
151 km (94 mi) |  Luis Alberto Herrera (COL) |
| 18 | 17 July | Le Bourg-d'Oisans – La Plagne | Stage with mountain(s) |
185 km (115 mi) | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
| 19 | 18 July | La Plagne – Morzine | Stage with mountain(s) |
186 km (116 mi) |  Ángel Arroyo (ESP) |
| 20 | 19 July | Morzine – Crans-Montana | Stage with mountain(s) |
141 km (88 mi) | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
| 21 | 20 July | Crans-Montana – Villefranche-en-Beaujolais | Hilly stage |
320 km (200 mi) | Frank Hoste (BEL) |
| 22 | 21 July | Ville Morgon – Villefranche-en-Beaujolais | Individual time trial |
51 km (32 mi) | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
| 23 | 22 July | Pantin – Paris (Champs-Élysées) | Hilly stage |
197 km (122 mi) | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) |
Results
There were several classifications in the 1984 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[10]
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[10]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[10]
There was also a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications, its leader wore the combination jersey.[11]
Another classification was the debutant classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[10]
The sixth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.[12]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification wore yellow caps.[13] There was also a team points classification. After each stage, the stage rankings of the best three cyclists per team were added, and the team with the least total lead this classification, and were identified by green caps.[11]
General classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | 112h 03' 40" |
| 2 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +10' 32" |
| 3 | Greg LeMond (USA) |
Renault-Elf | +11' 46" |
| 4 | Robert Millar (GBR) |
Peugeot | +14' 42" |
| 5 |  Sean Kelly (IRE) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +16' 35" |
| 6 | Ángel Arroyo (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +19' 22" |
| 7 | Pascal Simon (FRA) |
Peugeot | +21' 17" |
| 8 | Pedro Muñoz (ESP) |
Teka | +26' 17" |
| 9 | Claude Criquielion (BEL) |
Splendor-Mondial-Moquettes | +29' 12" |
| 10 |  Phil Anderson (AUS) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +29' 16" |
| Final general classification (11–124) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
| 11 |  Niki Rüttimann (SUI) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +30' 58" |
| 12 | Rafaël Antonio Acevedo (COL) |
Varta | +33' 32" |
| 13 | Jean-Marie Grezet (SUI) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +33' 41" |
| 14 | Eric Caritoux (FRA) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +36' 28" |
| 15 | José Patrocinio Jiménez (COL) |
Teka | +37' 49" |
| 16 | Gerard Veldscholten (NED) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +41' 54" |
| 17 | Michel Laurent (FRA) |
Coop-Hoonved-Rossin | +44' 33" |
| 18 | Alfonso Florez (COL) |
Varta | +45' 33" |
| 19 | José Antonio Agudelo (COL) |
Varta | +49' 25" |
| 20 | Bernard Gavillet (SUI) |
Cilo | +51' 02" |
| 21 | Pascal Jules (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | +51' 53" |
| 22 |  Luciano Loro (ITA) |
Carrera-Inoxpran | +52' 37" |
| 23 | Frédéric Vichot (FRA) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +53' 18" |
| 24 | Guy Nulens (BEL) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +53' 25" |
| 25 | Stephen Roche (IRE) |
La Redoute | +56' 36" |
| 26 | Peter Winnen (NED) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +58' 14" |
| 27 | Luis Alberto Herrera (COL) |
Varta | +58' 30" |
| 28 | Vincent Barteau (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | +1h 00' 02" |
| 29 | Gilles Mas (FRA) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +1h 05' 38" |
| 30 | Joop Zoetemelk (NED) |
Kwantum | +1h 06' 02" |
| 31 | Jonathan Boyer (USA) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +1h 07' 03" |
| 32 | Samuel Cabrera (COL) |
Varta | +1h 07' 17" |
| 33 | Dominique Garde (FRA) |
Peugeot | +1h 09' 58" |
| 34 | Celestino Prieto (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +1h 10' 23" |
| 35 | Marc Madiot (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | +1h 13' 03" |
| 36 | Jérôme Simon (FRA) |
La Redoute | +1h 16' 33" |
| 37 | Marc Durant (FRA) |
Système U | +1h 17' 22" |
| 38 | Robert Alban (FRA) |
La Redoute | +1h 18' 03" |
| 39 | Federico Echave (ESP) |
Teka | +1h 22' 59" |
| 40 | Henk Lubberding (NED) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +1h 23' 52" |
| 41 | José Luis Laguia (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +1h 24' 02" |
| 42 | Jean-Philippe Vandenbrande (BEL) |
Splendor-Mondial-Moquettes | +1h 24' 13" |
| 43 | Beat Breu (SUI) |
Cilo | +1h 25' 21" |
| 44 | Pierre Le Bigaut (FRA) |
Coop-Hoonved-Rossin | +1h 26' 51" |
| 45 | Francisco Rodriguez (COL) |
Splendor-Mondial-Moquettes | +1h 28' 35" |
| 46 | Yvon Madiot (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | +1h 29' 39" |
| 47 | Alain Vigneron (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +1h 29' 49" |
| 48 | Marc Sergeant (BEL) |
Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx | +1h 31' 13" |
| 49 | Charly Berard (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +1h 33' 15" |
| 50 |  Kim Andersen (DEN) |
Coop-Hoonved-Rossin | +1h 33' 23" |
| 51 | Enrique Aja (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +1h 33' 53" |
| 52 | Julián Gorospe (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +1h 37' 23" |
| 53 | Carlos Hernández (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +1h 37' 30" |
| 54 | Dominique Arnaud (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +1h 37' 50" |
| 55 | Pierre-Henri Menthéour (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | +1h 38' 51" |
| 56 | Hennie Kuiper (NED) |
Kwantum | +1h 39' 30" |
| 57 | Ludo Peeters (BEL) |
Kwantum | +1h 39' 59" |
| 58 | Urs Zimmermann (SUI) |
Cilo | +1h 40' 39" |
| 59 | Theo de Rooij (NED) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +1h 42' 20" |
| 60 | Herman Loaiza (COL) |
Varta | +1h 43' 55" |
| 61 | Antonio Ferretti (SUI) |
Cilo | +1h 47' 24" |
| 62 | Maurice Le Guilloux (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +1h 48' 38" |
| 63 | Guy Gallopin (FRA) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +1h 49' 07" |
| 64 |  Raimund Dietzen (GER) |
Teka | +1h 49' 31" |
| 65 | Alfonso Lopez (COL) |
Varta | +1h 49' 59" |
| 66 | Antonio Coll (ESP) |
Teka | +1h 52' 04" |
| 67 | André Chappuis (FRA) |
Système U | +1h 52' 04" |
| 68 | René Martens (BEL) |
Teka | +1h 52' 25" |
| 69 | Yvan Frebert (FRA) |
Système U | +1h 53' 58" |
| 70 | Glauco Santoni (ITA) |
Carrera-Inoxpran | +1h 54' 28" |
| 71 | Jesus Hernández (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +1h 55' 17" |
| 72 |  Lucien Didier (LUX) |
Renault-Elf | +1h 56' 39" |
| 73 | Bernard Vallet (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +1h 58' 23" |
| 74 | Alfons De Wolf (BEL) |
Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx | +1h 58' 36" |
| 75 | Leo van Vliet (NED) |
Kwantum | +1h 58' 52" |
| 76 | Bruno Leali (ITA) |
Carrera-Inoxpran | +2h 03' 40" |
| 77 | Marco Antonio Chagas (POR) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +2h 08' 15" |
| 78 | Israel Corredor (COL) |
Varta | +2h 09' 31" |
| 79 | Patrick Clerc (FRA) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +2h 11' 29" |
| 80 | Pascal Poisson (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | +2h 11' 37" |
| 81 | Giancarlo Perini (ITA) |
Carrera-Inoxpran | +2h 12' 08" |
| 82 | Jean-François Rault (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +2h 12' 17" |
| 83 | Alain Dithurbide (FRA) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +2h 13' 02" |
| 84 | Erich Mächler (SUI) |
Cilo | +2h 15' 23" |
| 85 | Patrick Bonnet (FRA) |
Système U | +2h 17' 18" |
| 86 | Bernard Bourreau (FRA) |
Peugeot | +2h 20' 29" |
| 87 | Anastasio Greciano (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | +2h 20' 51" |
| 88 | Hendrik Devos (BEL) |
Splendor-Mondial-Moquettes | +2h 23' 55" |
| 89 | Frédéric Brun (FRA) |
Peugeot | +2h 25' 08" |
| 90 | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +2h 26' 14" |
| 91 | Sean Yates (GBR) |
Peugeot | +2h 26' 41" |
| 92 | Ludo De Keulenaer (BEL) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | +2h 28' 49" |
| 93 |  Czeslaw Lang (POL) |
Carrera-Inoxpran | +2h 29' 21" |
| 94 | Manuel Zeferino (POR) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +2h 29' 26" |
| 95 | Allan Peiper (AUS) |
Peugeot | +2h 31' 28" |
| 96 | Patrick Moerlen (SUI) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | +2h 31' 33" |
| 97 | Jean-Louis Gauthier (FRA) |
Coop-Hoonved-Rossin | +2h 34' 10" |
| 98 | Bernardo Alfonsel (ESP) |
Teka | +2h 35' 25" |
| 99 | Alain Bondue (FRA) |
La Redoute | +2h 36' 45" |
| 100 | Frank Hoste (BEL) |
Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx | +2h 38' 08" |
| 101 | Jacques Hanegraaf (NED) |
Kwantum | +2h 44' 04" |
| 102 | Jacques Bossis (FRA) |
Peugeot | +2h 44' 26" |
| 103 | Gerrie Knetemann (NED) |
Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx | +2h 47' 58" |
| 104 | Marc Dierickx (BEL) |
Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx | +2h 49' 20" |
| 105 | Francis Castaing (FRA) |
Peugeot | +2h 51' 59" |
| 106 | Ferdi Van Den Haute (BEL) |
La Redoute | +2h 52' 48" |
| 107 | Henri Manders (NED) |
Kwantum | +2h 59' 01" |
| 108 | Ad Wijnands (NED) |
Kwantum | +3h 01' 04" |
| 109 | Luc Govaerts (BEL) |
Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx | +3h 01' 39" |
| 110 | Christian Levavasseur (FRA) |
La Redoute | +3h 03' 04" |
| 111 | Régis Simon (FRA) |
La Redoute | +3h 04' 25" |
| 112 | Hubert Linard (FRA) |
Peugeot | +3h 06' 24" |
| 113 | Valerio Lualdi (ITA) |
Carrera-Inoxpran | +3h 06' 50" |
| 114 | Claude Moreau (FRA) |
Coop-Hoonved-Rossin | +3h 07' 34" |
| 115 | Patrice Thevenard (FRA) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +3h 09' 16" |
| 116 | Paul Sherwen (GBR) |
La Redoute | +3h 24' 48" |
| 117 | Michel Charreard (FRA) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +3h 25' 18" |
| 118 | Eduardo Manuel Correia (POR) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +3h 25' 37" |
| 119 | José Antonio Xavier (POR) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +3h 27' 26" |
| 120 | Modesto Urrutibeazcoa (ESP) |
Teka | +3h 30' 11" |
| 121 | Dominique Gaigne (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | +3h 35' 39" |
| 122 | Carlos Alberto Marta (POR) |
Sporting Lisboa-Raposeira | +3h 40' 05" |
| 123 | Marcel Russenberger (SUI) |
Cilo | +4h 00' 30" |
| 124 | Gilbert Glaus (SUI) |
Cilo | +4h 01' 17" |
Points classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Frank Hoste (BEL) |
Boule d'Or-Europ Decor-Eddy Merckx | 322 |
| 2 | Sean Kelly (IRE) |
Skil-Reydel-Sem | 318 |
| 3 | Eric Vanderaerden (BEL) |
Panasonic-Raleigh | 247 |
| 4 | Leo van Vliet (NED) |
Kwantum | 173 |
| 5 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | 146 |
Mountains classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Robert Millar (GBR) |
Peugeot | 284 |
| 2 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | 212 |
| 3 | Ángel Arroyo (ESP) |
Reynolds-Papel Aluminio | 140 |
| 4 | Luis Alberto Herrera (COL) |
Varta | 108 |
| 5 | José Patrocinio Jiménez (COL) |
Teka | 92 |
Team classification
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Renault | 336h 31' 16" |
| 2 | Skil | +46' 44" |
| 3 | Reynolds | +57' 58" |
| 4 | Peugeot | +1h 01' 57" |
| 5 | La Vie Claire | +1h 15' 59" |
Team points classification
| Rank | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Panasonic | 1159 |
| 2 | Renault | 1318 |
| 3 | Peugeot | 1322 |
Debutant classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greg LeMond (USA) |
Renault-Elf | 112h 15' 26" |
| 2 | Pedro Muñoz (ESP) |
Teka | +14' 31" |
| 3 | Niki Rüttimann (SUI) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | +19' 12" |
| 4 | Rafaël Antonio Acevedo (COL) |
Varta | +21' 46" |
| 5 | José Antonio Agudelo (COL) |
Varta | +37' 39" |
Intermediate sprints classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jacques Hanegraaf (NED) |
Kwantum | 155 |
| 2 | Bernard Hinault (FRA) |
La Vie Claire-Terraillon | 52 |
| 3 | Laurent Fignon (FRA) |
Renault-Elf | 51 |
Notes
- ^ A race for female cyclists similar to the male Tour de France had been organized in 1955, but it was not official.
References
- General
- McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007. Dog Ear Publishering. ISBN 1-59858-608-4. http://books.google.nl/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC&pg=PA103. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- Specific
- ^ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique" (in French) (PDF). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-09. http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/COURSE/docs/histo2009_06.pdf. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d "71ème Tour de France 1984" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1984.php. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ "Tour de France féminin" (in French). Memoire du Cyclisme. 23 November 2008. http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/feminines/tdf_feminin.php. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
- ^ McGann, p. 147
- ^ McGann, p. 148
- ^ McGann, p. 150
- ^ McGann, p. 152
- ^ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique, Part 4" (in French) (PDF). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/COURSE/docs/histo2009_04.pdf. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
- ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 2009-06-10. http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1984. Retrieved 15 Aug 2011.
- ^ a b c d Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success". RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd. http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ a b Mark, Eddy van der. "Tour Xtra: Other Classifications & Awards". Chippewa Valley Cycling Club. http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/other.htm. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ Mark, Eddy van der. "Tour Xtra: Intermediate Sprints Classification". Chippewa Valley Cycling Club. http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/combativity.htm. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ Chauner, David; Halstead, Michael (1990). The Tour de France Complete Book of Cycling. Villard. ISBN 0-679-72936-4. http://www.faqs.org/faqs/bicycles-faq/part1/section-20.html#b. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "Clasificaciones oficiales" (in Spanish). El Mundo Deportivo. 24 July 1984. http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1984/07/23/pagina-19/1107920/pdf.html. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
- ^ "Tour in cijfers" (in Dutch). Leidsch Dagblad (Regionaal Archief Leiden): p. 14. 23 July 1984. http://leiden.courant.nu/index.php?page=1&mod=krantresultaat&q=lemond&datering=23/7/1984&qt=paragraaf&pagina=&sort=score+desc&doc=3&p=14¶graaf=147&y=226. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
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