1998 in science
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The year 1998 in science and technology involved many events, some of which are included below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- January 6 - The Lunar Prospector spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon and later found evidence for frozen water on the moon's surface.
- January 8 - Cosmologists announce that the expansion rate of the universe is increasing.
- March 2 - Data sent from the Galileo
spaceprobe indicates that
Jupiter 's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice. - March 5 - NASA announced that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon had found enough water in polar craters to support a human colony and rocket fuelling station.
- July 5 - Japan launches a probe to Mars, and thus joins the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.
- October 29 - Space Shuttle Discovery blasts-off with 77-year old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space. He became the first American to orbit Earth on February 20, 1962.
- The first of four 8.4 m reflecting telescopes opens in the Very Large Telescope program of the European Southern Observatory at Cerro Paranal in Chile.
Biology
- July 17 - Biologists report in the journal Science how they sequenced the genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum.
- February 19 - RNA interference first elucidated in C. elegans.
Computer science
- February 10 - XML is published as a recommendation of the W3C.
- June 2 - The CIH virus is discovered in Taiwan.
- The first working 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance computer is demonstrated at the University of California, Berkeley.
Geology
- February 4 - An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter Scale in northeast Afghanistan kills more than 5,000.
- March 14 - An earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale hits southeastern Iran.
- May 30 - A 6.6 magnitude earthquake hits northern Afghanistan killing up to 5,000.
- July 17 - A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea killing an estimated 1,500, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless.
Mathematics
- Luca Cardelli and Andrew D. Gordon develop ambient calculus.
- Thomas Hales (almost certainly) proves the Kepler conjecture.
Medicine
- January 14 - Researchers in Dallas, Texas present findings about an enzyme that slows aging and cell death (apoptosis).
Technology
- April 5 - In Japan, the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge linking Shikoku with Honshū, at a cost of about US$3.8 billion, opens to traffic, becoming the largest suspension bridge in the world.
Awards
- Fields Prize in Mathematics: Richard Ewen Borcherds, William Timothy Gowers, Maxim Kontsevich and Curtis T. McMullen
- Nobel Prize
- Turing Award: Jim Gray
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Karl Karekin Turekian
Births
Deaths
- March 15 - Benjamin Spock (b. 1903), pediatrician, writer.
- July 3 - Danielle Bunten Berry (b. 1949), also known as Dan Bunten, software developer.
- July 21 - Alan Shepard (b. 1923), astronaut.
- August 4 - Yuri Artyukhin (b. 1930), cosmonaut.
- August 26 - Frederick Reines (b. 1918), physicist, Nobel laureate.
- December 17 - Claudia Benton, Child Psychologist.
- December 18 - Lev Demin (b. 1926), cosmonaut.
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