| 19th United States Congress | |||
 United States Capitol (1827) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1827 | |||
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| President of the Senate: | John C. Calhoun | ||
| President pro tempore: | John Gaillard Nathaniel Macon |
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| Speaker of the House: | John W. Taylor | ||
| Members: | 48 Senators 213 Representatives 3 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Jacksonian | ||
| House Majority: | Adams | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| Special: March 4, 1825 – March 9, 1825 1st: December 5, 1825 – May 22, 1826 2nd: December 4, 1826 – March 3, 1827 |
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The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825 to March 3, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a Jacksonian majority, and the House had an Adams majority.
Major events
- March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
- October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
- July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence
Major legislation
Treaties signed
- November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
- January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section, below.
Senate
- Jacksonian (J): 26 (majority)
- Adams (A): 22
TOTAL members: 48
House of Representatives
- Adams (A): 109 (majority)
- Jacksonian (J): 104
TOTAL members: 213
Leadership
Senate
- President: John C. Calhoun (J)
- President pro tempore:
- John Gaillard (J) of South Carolina
- Nathaniel Macon (J) of North Carolina, May 20, 1826 – End
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 7
- Adams (A): 1 seat net gain
- Jacksonian (J): 1 seat net loss
- deaths: 4
- resignations: 6
- interim appointments: 4
- Total seats with changes: 13
House of Representatives
- replacements: 11
- Adams (A): 1 seat net gain
- Jacksonian (J): 1 seat net loss
- deaths: 5
- resignations: 10
- contested election: 1
- Total seats with changes: 16
Officers
Senate
- Secretary of the Senate:
- Charles Cutts of New Hampshire
- Walter Lowrie of Pennsylvania, elected December 12, 1825
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire
- Chaplain:
- William Staughton, Baptist, elected December 12, 1825
- William Ryland, Methodist, elected December 8, 1826
House of Representatives
- Clerk: Matthew S. Clarke of Pennsylvania
- Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn of District of Columbia
- Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch of Maryland
- Chaplain: Reuben Post, Presbyterian
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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