2005 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred in the year 2005.

Contents

1 Plants
- 1.1 Newly named plants
2 Protozoa
- 2.1 New taxa
3 Arthropoda
- 3.1 New taxa
4 Xiphosurans
5 Plesiosaurs
- 5.1 New taxa
6 Archosauromorphs
7 Synapsids
- 7.1 Non-mammalian
8 Footnotes
- 8.1 Complete author list
- 8.2 References

Plants

Newly named plants

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Archaeamphora^[2]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Li	Early Cretaceous	Jianshangou Formation	China	The type species is Archaeamphora longicervia	Archaeamphora longicervia
Fothergilla malloryi^[3]	sp nov	Valid	Radtke, Pigg, & Wehr	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington	USA	Oldest confirmed member of the genus Fothergilla	Fothergilla malloryi
Corylopsis readae^[3]	sp nov	Valid	Radtke, Pigg, & Wehr	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington	USA	One of the oldest occurrences of Corylopsis

Protozoa

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Trypanosoma antiquus^[4]	Valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican amber, Hispaniola	Dominican Republic	Oldest record of the vector association between Triatoma and Trypanosoma

Arthropoda

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Dinokanaga^[5]	Valid	Archibald	Ypresian	"Tranquille Shale", British Columbia	Canada	Six species named D. andersoni, D. dowsonae, D. hillsi, D. sternbergi, D. webbi, D. wilsoni	Dinokanaga andersoni
Triatoma dominicana^[4]	Valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican amber, Hispaniola	Dominican Republic	Oldest record of the vector association between Triatoma and Trypanosoma

Xiphosurans

Fossils of Lunataspis, the earliest known xiphosuran, are discovered in Canada. It was not given a formal description until 2008, however.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Eromangasaurus	Valid	Kear

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list^[6] and Dr. Jeremy Montague's dinosaur genus database.^[7]

Name	Status	Authors	Notes	Images
Appalachiosaurus^[8]	Valid taxon	Carr Williamson Schwimmer		Appalachiosaurus Auroraceratops Brachytrachelopan Buitreraptor Buitreraptor Falcarius Jinfengopteryx Jinfengopteryx Jinfengopteryx Lanzhousaurus Nemegtomaia Tanycolagreus
Archaeodontosaurus	Valid taxon	Eric Buffetaut
Auroraceratops	Valid taxon	You Li D. et al.^{[CAL 1]}
"Bakesaurus"	Nomen nudum	Zhou S.
Baurutitan	Valid taxon	Kellner Campos Trotta
Brachytrachelopan^[9]	Valid taxon	Rauhut Remes et al.^{[CAL 2]}
Buitreraptor^[10]	Valid taxon	Makovicky Apesteguía Agnolín
Cathartesaura	Valid taxon	Gallina Apesteguía
Changchunsaurus^[11]	Valid taxon	Zan Chen J. et al.^{[CAL 3]}
Chebsaurus^[12]	Valid taxon	Mahammed Läng et al.^{[CAL 4]}
Condorraptor^[13]	Valid taxon	Rauhut
Daanosaurus^[14]	Valid taxon	Ye Gao Y. Jiang
Dalianraptor	Valid taxon	Gao C. Liu J.	Possibly a misidentified bird.
Dashanpusaurus	Valid taxon	Peng G. Ye et al.^{[CAL 5]}
Dubreuillosaurus	Valid taxon	Allain
Falcarius^[15]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland Zanno et al.^{[CAL 6]}
Ferganocephale^[16]	Valid taxon	Averianov T. Martin Bakirov
Galveosaurus^[17]	Valid taxon	Sánchez-Hernández
"Galvesaurus"	Junior synonym.	Barco Canudo et al.^{[CAL 7]}	Junior synonym of Galveosaurus.
Hagryphus	Valid taxon	Zanno Sampson
Hexinlusaurus	Valid taxon	Barrett Butler Knoll
Hungarosaurus^[18]	Valid taxon	Ösi
Jinfengopteryx^[19]	Valid taxon	Ji Q. Ji S. et al.^{[CAL 8]}
Karongasaurus^[20]	Valid taxon	Gomani
Lanzhousaurus	Valid taxon	You Ji Q. Li D.
"Krzyzanowskisaurus"	Misidentification.	Heckert	Valid non-dinosaurian taxon. Possibly a junior synonym of Revueltosaurus.
Nemegtomaia	Valid taxon	Lü Tomida et al.^{[CAL 9]}
Neuquenraptor^[21]	Valid taxon	Novas Pol	May be a subjective junior synonym of Unenlagia.
Pedopenna^[22]	Valid taxon	Xu X. Zhang F.
Penelopognathus	Valid taxon	Godefroit Li H. Shang
Puertasaurus	Valid taxon	Novas Salgado et al.^{[CAL 10]}
Shixinggia^[23]	Valid taxon	Lü Zhang B.
Stormbergia	Valid taxon	Butler
Tanycolagreus^[24]	Valid taxon	Carpenter Miles Cloward
Trigonosaurus	Valid taxon	Campos Kellner et al.^{[CAL 11]}
Tyrannotitan^[25]	Valid taxon	Novas de Valais et al.^{[CAL 12]}
Xinjiangovenator^[26]	Valid taxon	Rauhut Xu X.
"Yunxiansaurus"	Nomen nudum	Zhou S.

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Dalianraptor^[27]	Valid	Gao Liu	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	The type species is Dalianraptor cuhe.
Hongshanornis^[28]	Valid	Zhou Zhang	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	The type species is Hongshanornis longicresta.
Vegavis^[29]	Valid	Clarke Tambussi Noriega Erickson Ketcham	Upper Cretaceous		Antarctica	The type species is Vegavis iaai.

Newly named pterosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Bakonydraco^[30]	Valid	Weishampel Jianu	Upper Cretaceous	Csehbánya Formation	Hungary	The type species is Bakonydraco galaczi.
Boreopterus^[31]	Valid	Lü Ji	Lower Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	The type species is Boreopterus cuiae.
Caulkicephalus^[32]	Valid	Steel Martill Unwin Winch	Early Cretaceous	Wessex Formation	England	The type species is Caulkicephalus trimicrodon.
Eoazhdarcho^[33]	Valid	Lü Ji	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	The type species is Eoazhdarcho liaoxiensis.
Eopteranodon^[34]	Valid	Lü Zhang	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	The type species is Eopteranodon lii.
Feilongus^[35]	Valid	Wang Kellner Zhou Campos	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	The type species is Feilongus youngi.
Huaxiapterus^[36]	Synonym	Lü Yuan	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	The type species is Huaxiapterus jii. Huaxiapterus is a junior synonym of Sinopterus^[37]
Liaoxipterus^[38]	Valid	Dong Lü	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	The type species is Liaoxipterus brachyognathus.
Nurhachius^[35]	Valid	Wang Kellner Zhou Campos	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	The type species is Nurhachius ignaciobritoi.
Paranurognathus	Synonym	Peters				The type species is Paranurognathus tischlingeri. Paranurognathus is a junior synonym of Anurognathus.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Irajatherium^[39]	Valid	Martinelli Bonaparte Schultz Rubert	Upper Triassic	Caturrita Formation	Brazil	The type species is Irajatherium hernadezi.
Madysaurus^[40]	Valid	Tatarinov	Triassic	Magygen Formation	Kyrgyzstan	The type species is Madysaurus sharovi.
Putillosaurus^[41]	Valid	Surkov	Lower Triassic		Russia	The type specie is Putillosaurus sennikovi.

Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

^ You, Li D., Ji Q., Lamanna, Peter Dodson.
^ Rauhut, Remes, Fechner, Cladera, Puerta.
^ Zan, Chen J., Jin L., Li T.
^ Mahammed, Läng, Mami, Mekahli, Benhamou, Bouterfa, Kacemi, Chérief, Chaouti, Philippe Taquet.
^ Peng G., Ye, Gao Y., Shu, Jiang.
^ *James Kirkland, Zanno, Sampson, Clark, DeBlieux.
^ Barco, Canudo, Cuenca-Bescós, Ruíz-Omeñaca.
^ Ji Q., Ji S., Lü, You, Chen W., Liu Y. Q., Liu Y. X.
^ Lü, Tomida, Azuma, Dong Zhiming, Lee.
^ Novas, Salgado, Calvo, Agnolin.
^ Campos, Kellner, Reinaldo Jose Bertini, Santucci.
^ Novas, de Valais, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Timothy H. Rich.

References

^ Newman, Garfield, et al (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 0-07-088739-X.
^ Li, H. (2005). "Early Cretaceous sarraceniacean-like pitcher plants from China". Acta Bot. Gallica 152 (2): 227–234..
^ ^a ^b Radtke, M.G.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2005). "Fossil Corylopsis and Fothergilla Leaves (Hamamelidaceae) from the Lower Eocene Flora of Republic, Washington, U.S.A., and Their Evolutionary and Biogeographic Significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences 166 (2): 347–356. doi:10.1086/427483.
^ ^a ^b Poinar, G. (2005). "Triatoma dominicana sp. n. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), and Trypanosoma antiquus sp. n. (Stercoraria: Trypanosomatidae), the First Fossil Evidence of a Triatomine-Trypanosomatid Vector Association". Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases 5 (1): 72–81. doi:10.1089/vbz.2005.5.72. PMID 15815152.
^ Archibald, S.B. (2005). "New Dinopanorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Eocene Okanogan Highlands (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42 (2): 119–136. doi:10.1139/e04-073.
^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". http://www.polychora.com/dinolist.html. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Montague, Jeremy. "Dr. Montague's Database". http://www.barry.edu/bio300/pdf/montague%20dino%20web%20data%2012-3-2005.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
^ Carr, T.D., T.E. Williamson, and D.R. Schwimmer. 2005. A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (1): pp. 119-143.
^ Rauhut, O.W.M., K. Remes, R. Fechner, G. Cladera, and P. Puerta. 2005. Discovery of a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of Patagonia. Nature 435 (2): pp. 670-672.
^ Makovicky P.J., Apesteguia S., Agnolin F.L. (2005). "The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America". Nature 437: 1007–1011.
^ Zan, S.-Q., J. Chen, L.-Y. Jin, and T. Li. 2005. A primitive ornithopod from the Early Cretaceous Quantou Formation of central Jilin, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 43: pp. 182-193.
^ Mahammed, F., E. Läng, L. Mami, L. Mekahl, M. Benhamou, B. Bouterfa, A. Kacemi, S.-A. Chérief, H. Chaouati, and P. Taquet. 2005. The ‘Giant of sour’, a Middle Jurassic sauropod dinosaur from Algeria. Systematic Palaeontology (Vertebrate Palaeontology) Paleovol/Elsevier.
^ Rauhut, O.W.M. 2005. Osteology and relationships of a new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia. Palaeontology 48, part 1: pp. 87-110.
^ Ye, Y., Y.-H.Gao, and S. Jiang. 2005. A new genus of sauropod from Zigong, Sichuan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 43: pp. 175-181.
^ Kirkland, J I., L.E. Zanno, S.D. Sampson, J.M. Clark, and D.D. DeBileux. 2005. A primitive therizinosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah. Nature 435: p.p. 84-87.
^ Averianov, A.O. T. Martin, and A.A. Bakirov. 2005. Pterosaur and dinosaur remains from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the northern Fergana depression, Kyrgystan (Central Asia). Palaeontology 48 (part 1): pp. 135-155.
^ Sánchez-Hernández, B. 2005. Galveosaurus herreroi, a new sauropod dinosaur from Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Tithonian-Berriasian) of Spain. Zootaxa 1034: pp. 1-20.
^ Osi, A. 2005. Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (2): pp. 370-383.
^ Ji, Q., S. Ji, J. Lu, H. You, W. Chen, and Y. Liu. 2005. First avialian bird from China. Geological Bulletin of China 24 (3): pp. 197-209.
^ Gomani, E.M. 2005. Sauropod dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of Malawi, Africa: Palaeontologia Electronica 8 (issue 1 - n. 27a): 37 pages.
^ Novas F.E., Pott D. (2005). "New evidence on deinonychosaurian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Nature 433: 858–861.
^ Xu, X., and F. Zhang. 2005. A new maniraptoran dinosaur from China with long feathers on the metatarsus. Naturwissenschaften 92: pp. 173-177Xu, X.
^ Lu, J. and B.-K. Zhang. 2005. A new oviraptorid (Theropod: Oviraptosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province of southern China. Online document (Chinese Extinct Organism Net: http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh- CN&u=http://www.dinosaur.net.cn/_Dino_News_2 005/dino20050110.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3DS hixinggia%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF- 8
^ Carpenter, K., C. Miles and K. Cloward. 2005. New small theropod from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming. In: the carnivorous dinosaurs (K. Carpenter, ed.). Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IA: pp. 23-48.
^ Novas FE, de Valais S, Vickers-Rich P, Rich T (May 2005). "A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids". Naturwissenschaften 92 (5): 226–30. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0623-3. PMID 15834691.
^ Rauhut, O.W.M., and X. Xu. 2005. The small theropod dinosaurs Tugulusaurus and Phaedrolosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Xinjiang, China. J. Vert. Paleontol. 25 (1): pp. 107-118.
^ Gao, C.-L. & Liu, Y.-Y. (2005). "A new avian taxon from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning". Global Geology 24 (4): 313–316.
^ Zhou, Z. & Zhang, F. (2005). "Discovery of an ornithurine bird and its implication for Early Cretaceous avian radiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (52): 18998–19002. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507106102. PMC 1323170. PMID 16344487. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1323170.
^ Clarke, J.A., Tambussi, C.P., Noriega, J.I., Erickson, G.M., & Ketcham, R.A. (2005). "Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous". Nature 433 (7023): 305–308. doi:10.1038/nature03150. PMID 15662422.
^ Ösi, A.; Weishampel, D.B.; Jianu, C.M. (2005). "First evidence of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50 (4): 777–787.
^ Lü, J.; Ji, Q. (2005). "A new ornithocheirid from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica 79 (2): 157–163. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00877.x.
^ Steel, L., Martill, D.M., Unwin, D.M. & Winch, J.D. (2005). "A new pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Wessex Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Isle of Wight, England". Cretaceous Research 26 (4): 686–698. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.03.005.
^ Lü, J.; Ji, Q. (2005). "New azhdarchid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of western Liaoning". Acta Geologica Sinica 79 (3): 301–307. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00893.x.
^ Lü, J.C.; Zhang, B.K. (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review 51 (4): 458–462.
^ ^a ^b Wang, X.; Kellner, A.W.A.; Zhou, Z. ; & Campos, D.A. (2005). "Pterosaur diversity and faunal turnover in Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems in China". Nature 437 (7060): 875–879. doi:10.1038/nature03982. PMID 16208369.
^ Lu, J. & Yuan, C. (2005). "New tapejarid pterosaur from Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica 79 (4): 453–458. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00911.x.
^ Pinheiro, F.L., Fortier, D.C., Schultz, C.L., De Andrade, J.A.F.G. & Bantim, R.A.M. (in press). "New information on Tupandactylus imperator, with comments on the relationships of Tapejaridae (Pterosauria)". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.
^ Dong, Z. & Lü, J. (2005). "A New Ctenochasmatid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province". Acta Geologica Sinica 79 (2): 164–167. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00878.x.
^ Martinelli, A.G., Bonaparte, J.F., Schultz, C.L. and Rubert, R. (2005). "A new tritheledontid (Therapsid, Eucynodontia) from the Late Triassic Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and its phylogenetic relationships among carnivorous non-mammalian eucynodonts". Ameghiniana 42 (1): 191–208.
^ Tatarinov, L.P. (2005). "A new cynodont (Reptilia, Theriodontia) from the Magygen Formation (Triassic) of Fergana, Kyrgystan". Paleontological Journal 39 (2): 192–198.
^ Surkov, M.V. (2005). "The first dicynodont from the terminal Lower Triassic of European Russia, with special reference to the evolution of the masticatory apparatus of these therapsids". Paleontological Journal 39 (1): 72–78.

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2005 in paleontology