2006 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred in the year 2006.

Contents

1 Arthropods
- 1.1 Insects
2 Tetrapodomorphs
3 Amphibians
- 3.1 Newly named temnospondylians
- 3.2 Newly named amphibians
4 Ichthyosaurs
5 Lepidosauromorphs
6 Archosauromorphs
7 Synapsids
- 7.1 Non-mammalian
8 References

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Avitomyrmex^[2]	Gen et sp. nov	valid	Archibald, Cover, & Moreau	Ypresian	Unnamed Formation, Kamloops Group	Canada	New bulldog ant genus with three species
Emiliana^[3]	Trib, Gen, et sp. nov	valid	Shcherbakov	Lutetian	Parachute Member, Green River Formation	USA	oldest member of Tropiduchidae
Macabeemyrma^[2]	Gen et sp. nov	valid	Archibald, Cover, & Moreau	Ypresian	Unnamed Formation, Kamloops Group	Canada	New bulldog ant genus with a single species
Ypresiomyrma^[2]^[4]	Gen et sp. nov & sp nov comb	valid	Archibald, Cover, & Moreau	Ypresian	Fur, Unnamed, & Klondike Mountain Formations	Denmark Canada USA	New bulldog ant genus, Y. orbiculata, Y. bartletti, Y. rebekkae

Tetrapodomorphs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Tiktaalik^[5]	Valid	Daeschler Shubin Jenkins	Late Devonian	Fram Formation	Canada	The type species is Tiktaalik roseae.	Tiktaalik

Amphibians

Newly named temnospondylians

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Iberospondylus^[6]	Valid	Laurin Soler-Gijon	Late Carboniferous		Spain	The type species is Iberospondylus schultzei.	Trematolestes
Tirraturhinus^[7]	Valid	Nield Damiani Warren	Early Triassic	Arcadia Formation	Australia	The type species is Tirraturhinus smisseni.
Trematolestes^[8]	Valid	Schoch	Middle Triassic	Erfurt Formation	Germany	The type species is Trematolestes hagdorni.

Newly named amphibians

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pangerpeton^[6]	Valid	Wang Evans	Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous	Daohugou Beds	China	The type species is Pangerpeton sinensis.

Ichthyosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Maiaspondylus^[9]	Valid	Maxwell Caldwell	Early Cretaceous	Loon River Formation	Canada	The type species is Maiaspondylus lindoei.

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Rautiania^[10]	Valid	Bulanov Sennikov	Late Permian	Vyasovka Formation	Russia	Two species was decript: Rautiania alexandri (type) and R. minchi.

Newly named plesiosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Bobosaurus^[11]	Valid	Dalla Vecchia	Late Triassic	Rio del Lago Formation	Italy	The type species is Bobosaurus forojuliensis.
Futabasaurus^[12]	Valid	Sato Hasegawa Manabe	Late Cretaceous	Tamayama Formation	Japan	The type species is Futabasaurus suzukii.
Opallionectes^[13]	Valid	Kear	Early Cretaceous		Australia	The type species is Opallionectes andamookaensis.
Umoonasaurus^[14]	Valid	Kear Schroeder Lee	Early Cretaceous	Bulldog Shale	Australia	The type species is Umoonasaurus demoscyllus.

Newly named squamates

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Najash^[15]	Valid	Apesteguia Zaher	Late Cretaceous	Candeleros Formation	Argentina	The type species is Najash rionegrina.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named crurotarsans

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Adamantinasuchus^[16]	Valid	Nobre Carvalho	Late Cretaceous	Adamantina Formation	Brazil	A notosuchian. The type species is Adamantinasuchus navae.	Adamantinasuchus Effigia Isisfordia
Aldabrachampsus^[17]	Valid	Brochu	Pleistocene		Seychelles	A crocodylid. The type species is Aldabrachampsus dilophus.
Effigia^[18]	Valid	Nesbitt Norell	Late Triassic	Chinle Formation	USA	A rauisuchian. The type species is Effigia okeeffeae.
Isisfordia^[19]	Valid	Salisbury Molnar Frey Willis	Early-Late Cretaceous	Winton Formation	Australia	A eusuchian. The type species is Isisfordia duncani.

Newly named dinosaurs

Vickaryous, M K., 2006, New information on the cranial anatomy of Edmontonia rugosidens Gilmore, a Late Cretaceous nodosaurid dinosaur from Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta: JVP, v. 26, n. 4: 1011-1013.

Data coutersy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.^[20]

Name	Status	Authors		Notes	Images
Adamantisaurus^[21]	Valid taxon	Rodrigo Santucci	Reinaldo Jose Bertini		Agujaceratops Dracorex Europasaurus Guanlong Juravenator Mantellisaurus Mapusaurus Othnielosaurus Theiophytalia Tsaagan Yamaceratops Yinlong
Agujaceratops	Valid taxon	Spencer G. Lucas Sullivan	Hunt
Alaskacephale^[22]	Valid taxon	Sullivan
Aniksosaurus^[23]	Valid taxon	Martínez	Novas
Antarctopelta.^[24]	Valid taxon	Salgado	Gasparini
Balochisaurus	Valid taxon	Malkani
"Bayosaurus"	Nomen nudum	Rodolfo Coria Phillip J. Currie	Paulina Carabajal
Cedrorestes^[25]	Valid taxon	David Gilpin Tony DiCroce	Kenneth Carpenter
Dracorex^[26]	Valid taxon	Robert Bakker Sullivan Porter	Larson Saulsbury
Dracovenator^[27]	Valid taxon	Yates
Erketu^[28]	Valid taxon	Ksepka	Mark Norell
Europasaurus^[29]	Valid taxon	Mateus Laven Knötschke vide: Sander Mateus	Laven Knötschke
Fusuisaurus^[30]	Valid taxon	Mo Wang W. Huang Z.	Huang X. Xu X.
Guanlong^[31]	Valid taxon	Xu Xing Clark Forster Mark Norell	Erickson Eberth Jia C. Zhao Q.
Huanghetitan.^[32]	Valid taxon	You Li D.	Zhou L. Ji Q.
Jiutaisaurus^[33]	Valid taxon	Wu W. H. Dong Zhiming Sun	Li C. Li T.
Juravenator^[34]	Valid taxon	Göhlich	Luis M. Chiappe
Khetranisaurus^[35]	Valid taxon	Malkani
Koutalisaurus^[36]	Valid taxon	Prieto-Marquez Gaete Rivas	Galobart Boada
Ligabuesaurus^[37]	Valid taxon	Jose Bonaparte González-Riga (as González Riga)	Apesteguía
Mantellisaurus^[38]	Valid taxon	Paul
Mapusaurus^[39]	Valid taxon	Rodolfo Coria	Phillip J. Currie
Marisaurus^[35]	Valid taxon	Malkani
Maxakalisaurus^[40]	Valid taxon	Kellner Campos Azevedo Trotta	Henriques Craik Silva
"Moabosaurus"	Nomen nudum	Britt vide: Anonymous		The name was published in The Gigantic Dinosaur Expo 2006 Official Guidebook.
Othnielosaurus^[41]	Valid taxon	Peter Galton
Pakisaurus^[35]	Valid taxon	Malkani
Razanandrongobe^[42]	Valid taxon	Maganuco Dal Sasso	Pasini	Described by the authors as a possible crocodylomorph or theropod.
Sacisaurus^[43]	Valid taxon	Ferigolo	Langer
Sonidosaurus	Valid taxon	Xu X. Zhang X. H. Tan Q.	Zhao X. Tan L.
Sulaimanisaurus^[35]	Valid taxon	Malkani
Theiophytalia^[44]	Valid taxon	Brill	Carpenter
Tsaagan^[45]	Valid taxon	Mark Norell Clark Turner	Makovicky Rinchen Barsbold Rowe
Turiasaurus^[46]	Valid taxon	Royo-Torres Cobos	Alcalá
Vitakridrinda.^[35]	Valid taxon	Malkani
Xuanhuaceratops^[47]	Valid taxon	Zhao X. Cheng Z.	Xu X. Makovicky
Yamaceratops^[48]	Valid taxon	Makovicky	Mark Norell
Yinlong^[49]	Valid taxon	Xu X. Forster	Clark Mo
Yuanmousaurus^[50]	Valid taxon	Lü Li S. Ji Q.	Wang G. F. Zhang J. H. Dong Zhiming
Zapalasaurus	Valid taxon	Salgado Carvalho	Garrido

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Archaeorhynchus^[51]	Valid	Zhou Zhang	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	An ornithurine. The type species is Archaeorhynchus spathula.
Dalingheornis^[52]	Valid	Zhang Hou Hasegawa O'Connor Martin Chiappe	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	An enantiornithe. The type species is Dalingheornis liweii.
Dapingfangornis^[53]	Valid	Li Duan Hu Wang Cheng Hou	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	An enantiornithe. The type species is Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus.

Newly named pterosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cathayopterus^[54]	Valid	Wang Zhou	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A pterodactyloid. The type species is Cathayopterus grabaui.
Caviramus^[55]	Valid	Fröbisch Fröbisch	Late Triassic	Kössen Formation	Switzerland	A rhamphorhynchoid. The type specie sis Caviramus schesaplanensis.
Longchengpterus^[56]	Valid	Wang Li Duan Cheng	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A pterodactyloid. The type species is Longchengpterus zhoai.
Muzquizopteryx^[57]	Valid	Frey Buchy Stinnesbeck Gonzalez Stefano	Late Cretaceous	Austin Group	Mexico	The type species is Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis.
Yixianopterus^[58]	Valid	Lü Ji Yuan Gao Sun Ji	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A pterodactyloid. The type species is Yixianopterus jingangshanensis.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Herpetoskylax^[59]	Valid	Sidor Rubidge	Late Permian		South Africa	The type species is Herpetoskylax hopsoni.
Elliotherium^[60]	Valid	Sidor Hancox	Upper Triassic	Lower Elliot Formation	South Africa	The type species is Elliotherium kerstenae (emmend.).
Idelesaurus^[61]	Valid	Kurkin	Upper Permian		Russia	The type species is Idelisaurus tataricus.
Langbergia^[62]	Valid	Abdala Neveling Welman	Early Triassic	Burgersdorp Formation	South Africa	The type species is Langbergia modisei.
Nanogomphodon^[63]	Valid	Hopson Sues	Middle Triassic	Erfurt Formation	Germany	The type species is Nanogomphodon wildi.
Oromycter^[64]	Valid	Reisz	Early Permian		USA	The type species is Oromycter dolesorum.
Pachydectes^[65]	Valid	Rubidge Sidor Modesto	Middle Permian	Koonap Formation	South Africa	The type species is Pachydectes elsi.
Paraburnetia^[66]	Valid	Smith Rubidge Sidor	Upper Permian	Teekloof Formation	South Africa	The type species is Paraburnetia sneeubergensis.
Protheriodon^[67]	Valid	Bonaparte Soares Schultz	Middle Triassic	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	The type species is Protheriodon estudianti.

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^ X. Wang & Z. Zhou. 2006. Pterosaur adaptive radiation of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota. In J. Rong, Z. Fang, Z. Zhou, R. Zhan, X. Wang, X. Yuan (eds.). Originations, radiations and biodiversity changes - evidences from the Chinese fossil record 665-689
^ Fröbisch, N.B. & Fröbisch, J. (2006). "A new basal pterosaur genus from the Upper Triassic of the northern Calcareous Alps of Switzerland". Palaeontology 49 (5): 1081–1090. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00581.x.
^ Wang, L., Li, L., Duan, Y. & Cheng, S.-L. (2006). "A new iodactylid pterosaur from western Liaoning". Geological Bulletin of China 25 (6): 737–740.
^ Frey, E., Buchy, M.-C., Stinnesbeck, W., Gonzalez, A.G. & Stefano, A. di (2006). "Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis n.g., n. sp., a nyctosaurid pterosaur with soft tissue preservation from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of northeast Mexico (Coahuila)". Oryctos 6: 19–39.
^ J. Lü, S. Ji, C. Yuan, Y. Gao, Z. Sun & Q. Ji. 2006. New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning. In J. Lü, Y. Kobayashi, D. Huang, Y.-N. Lee (eds.). Papers from the 2005 Heyuan International Dinosaur Symposium. Geological Publishing House, Beijing 195-203.
^ Sidor, C.A. & Rubidge, B.S. (2006). "Herpetoskylax hopsoni, a new biarmosuchian (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Beaufort Group of South Africa" In: Amniote Paleobiology, prespetives on the Evolution of mammals, birds and reptiles, edited by Carrano, M.T., Gaudin, T.J., Blob, R.W., and Wible, J.R. Chicago University Press, p. 76-113
^ Sidor, C.A. and Hancox, P.J. (2006). "Elliotherium kersteni, a new tritheledontid from the Lower Elliot Formation (Upper Triassic) of South Africa". Journal of Paleontology 80 (2): 333–342. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0333:EKANTF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360.
^ Kurkin, A.A. (2006). "A new dicynodont (Anomodontia, Eotherapsida) from the Upper Permian of Tatarstan". Paleontological Journal 40 (4): 434–437. doi:10.1134/S0031030106040095.
^ Abdala, F., Neveling, J. and Welman, J. (2006). "A new trirachodontid cynodont from the lower levels of the Burgersdorp Formation (Lower Triassic) of the Beaufort Group, South Africa and the cladistic relationships of Gondwanan gomphodonts". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 147 (3): 383–413. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00224.x.
^ Hopson, J.A. and Sues, H.D. (2006). "A traversodont cynodont from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Baden-Württemberg (Germany)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 80 (2): 124–129.
^ Reisz, R.R. (2006). "Oromycter, a new caseid from the lower Permian of Oklahoma". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4): 905–910. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0905:OANCFT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Rubidge, B., Sidor, C.A. and Modesto, S.P. (2006). A new Burnetiamorph (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Middle Permian of South Africa: Journal of Paleontology. 80. pp. 740–749.
^ Smith, R.M.H., Rubidge, B.S. and Sidor, C.A. (2006). "A new burnetiid (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Upper Permian of South Africa and its biogeographic implicaitons". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (2): 331–343. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[331:ANBTBF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Bonaparte, J.F., Soares, M.B. & Schultz, C.L. (2006), "A new non-mammalian cynodont from the Middle Triassic of southern Brazil and its implications for the ancestry of mammals", in Harris H.D., Lucas S.G., Spielmann J.A., Lockley M.G., Milner A.R.C. & Kirkland J.L. (eds.), The Triassic-Jurassic terrestrial transition, New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, Bulletin, 37, p.599-607

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2006 in paleontology