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2009 California wildfires

 
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2009 California Wildfires
2009 California Wildfires
Detail from MODIS satellite image of Station Fire, 29 August 2009.
Location California
Date July 7, 2009-October 27, 2009
Burned area More than 336,020 acres (525 sq mi; 135,982 ha)
Fatalities 2

The 2009 California wildfires have burned more than 336,020 acres (525 sq mi; 135,982 ha) of land since the beginning of July, destroying hundreds of structures and killing two people. Wildfires had occurred until late November due to red flag warnings.[1] Although fires burned many different regions of California in August, the month was especially notable for several very large fires which burned in Southern California, despite being outside of the normal fire season for that region. A total of 63 wildfire were started during this timespan.[2]

The Station Fire, north of Los Angeles, is the largest and deadliest of these wildfires, having burned 160,577 acres (251 sq mi; 64,983 ha) and killed two firefighters since it began in late August. Another large fire was the La Brea Fire, which burned nearly 90,000 acres (141 sq mi; 36,422 ha) in Santa Barbara County earlier in the month. A state of emergency was also declared for the 7,800 acres (12 sq mi; 3,157 ha) Lockheed Fire in Santa Cruz County to the north.

Contents

Conditions

Pyrocumulus cloud from the Station Fire towers over the skyscrapers of Los Angeles, California.

Sporadic fires are normal throughout California in the summer and fall as temperatures rise and rainfall drops, causing vegetation to die off and provide fuel for combustion. Three years of drought amplified these effects, making already fire-prone California ripe for wildfires. These fires may be ignited by natural sources like lightning, or through human activity.[3]

In Southern California, the normal wildfire season begins in October with the arrival of the infamous Santa Ana winds, and it is unusual to see fires spread so rapidly at other times of year. However, temperatures throughout the southern part of the state exceeded 100°F (38°C) for much of late August. The combination of high temperatures, low humidity and a large quantity of tinder-dry fuel, some of which had not burnt for decades, allowed some of the normal fires to quickly explode out of control despite the lack of winds to spread the flames. These conditions, along with extreme terrain in many undeveloped areas that impeded access to burn areas, made firefighting difficult.[3]

Notable fires

Picture of Los Angeles fires in end august 2009. Photo was taken from Universal Studios.

Dozens of fires burned throughout California in August 2009. Some of the most notable are listed here.

Northern California

Alameda County

Mariposa County

Progression of the Big Meadow Fire between 26 August and 5 September 2009. Map courtesy of the United States Forest Service.
  • The Big Meadow Fire began on 26 August in Big Meadow, two miles east of El Portal, just inside Yosemite National Park. As of 4 September, this fire has burned 7,425 acres (12 sq mi; 3,005 ha) in the Mariposa County section of Yosemite, resulting in the closure of several trails, campgrounds and the portion of State Highway 120 known as Tioga Road. The community of Foresta was evacuated but residents were allowed to return on 4 September. The Big Meadow Fire is 96% contained as of 6 September, with full containment expected by 10 September.[6] This blaze was the result of a prescribed burn gone out of control, leading some to question the judgment of Park authorities.[7]

Placer County

  • The Mammoth Fire started on July 16 and burned 643 acres (1 sq mi) in the American River Canyon and Mammoth Bar Recreation Area east of Auburn before it was contained on 18 July.[8] The fire closed the Foresthill Bridge, the highest bridge in California, for 2 days. It took 358 firefighters, 24 engines, and a helicopter to put out. The cause was undetermined as of 18 July 2009.[8]
  • The Foresthill Fire started on August 27 and burned 30 acres along the American River Canyon near the Foresthill Bridge before it was contained on August 28. This fire is close to the location of the Mammoth Fire.[9] The fire took over 100 firefighters, 10 engines, 3 airtankers {planes), and 2 helicopters to extinguish. The cause was undetermined as of 28 August 2009.[9]
  • The 49 Fire was a small but very destructive fire that began on 30 August and was fully contained by CalFire on 1 September. Although it burned only 343 acres (0.5 sq mi; 138.8 ha), it destroyed 63 homes and 3 commercial structures in the city of Auburn in Placer County. The fire extensively damaged 3 more homes and 6 more businesses.[10] The fire began along the east side of Highway 49, which led to the name 49 Fire. The fire quickly spread north and east. [11] The fire spread so quickly that some residents barely escaped their burning homes.[12] Auburn Municipal Airport was closed during the fire, which burned right up to the runway.[11] The cause of this fire is still under investigation.[13] Arson is considered possible cause.[14] This was the second fire to burn the area in 5 years.[12]

Santa Cruz/Monterey/San Benito Counties

  • The Lockheed Fire began on 12 August near the Lockheed Martin Space Systems campus in Santa Cruz County.[15][16] A total of 7,817 acres (12 sq mi; 3,163 ha) burned and thirteen structures were destroyed, including four seasonal cabins but no primary residences. No cause has been identified.[17] The communities of Swanton and Bonny Doon were evacuated and a state of emergency was declared by Lieutenant Governor John Garamendi on 14 August.[18] State fire crews achieved 100% containment on 23 August, at a cost of $26.6 million (USD).[17] Many hillsides burned by the Lockheed Fire had not burned since 1948 due to active fire suppression in the area. Some plant species endemic to the area, including the endangered Santa Cruz manzanita, propagate only after fire, potentially allowing these rare species to proliferate for the first time in decades.[19]
  • The Bryson Fire started from a mobile home fire on Bryson-Hesperia Road in the Monterey County town of Lockwood. It burned 3,383 acres (5 sq mi; 1,369 ha) and five structures, including three homes, between 26 August and 28 August.[20][21]
  • The Gloria Fire began on 27 August along Camphora Gloria Road near the town of Soledad. It burned 6,437 acres (10 sq mi; 2,605 ha) in Monterey and San Benito counties, destroying a house and another structure before CalFire contained it on 31 August at a cost of $4 million (USD).[22] The fire was set off by fireworks used to scare away birds outside of a winery and a criminal investigation is underway to determine who is responsible.[23]
  • The Loma Fire (25-27 October, 485 acres (0.758 sq mi; 196 ha) (initially reported as 600 acres) began near Loma Prieta Way in Santa Clara County and spread to the Santa Cruz County area of Maymens Flat - Highland Road, Eureka Canyon and Ormsby. One residence destroyed with 160 structures threatened and evacuations in place for north Ormsby Cutoff until 26 October. 1,742 firefighters with 4 injuries reported; cost $2.7 million. [24] High winds contributed to the spread in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains in an area which had 6 inches of rain on 13 October.[25][26]

Yuba County

  • The Yuba Fire was started after a Red-Tailed Hawk flew into a power line on 14 August, and burned 3,891 acres (6 sq mi; 1,575 ha) before being contained on 21 August at a cost of $12.1 million (USD). Two residences in Yuba County burned and power lines transporting electricity from a hydroelectric facility were threatened.[27][28]

Other counties

August fires also struck areas of Colusa, Lassen, Plumas, Santa Clara, Shasta, Siskiyou and Solano counties.

Southern California

Los Angeles County

  • The Morris Fire (25 August - 3 September, 2,168 acres (3 sq mi; 877 ha)) began near Morris Dam in the Angeles National Forest. [29] This fire is thought to have been caused by arson.[30]
  • The Station Fire (26 August -16 October, 160,577 acres (251 sq mi; 64,983 ha), 209 structures destroyed, including 89 homes) [31] started in the Angeles National Forest near the U.S. Forest Service ranger station on the Angeles Crest Highway (State Highway 2).[32][33] Two firefighters were killed on 30 August while attempting to escape the flames when their fire truck plunged off a cliff.[34] The blaze threatened 12,000 structures in the National Forest and the nearby communities of La Cañada Flintridge, Glendale, Acton, La Crescenta, Littlerock and Altadena, as well as the Sunland and Tujunga neighborhoods of the City of Los Angeles.[35] Many of these areas faced mandatory evacuations as the flames drew near, but as of 6 September, all evacuation orders have been lifted.[36] The Station Fire has been burning on the slopes of Mount Wilson, threatening numerous television, radio and cellular telephone antennas on the summit, as well as the Mount Wilson Observatory, which includes several historically significant telescopes and multimillion-dollar astronomical facilities operated by UCLA, USC, UC Berkeley and Georgia State University.[37] A 40 mile (64 kilometer) stretch of the Angeles Crest Highway has been closed indefinitely due to guardrail and sign damage, although the pavement remained largely intact.[38]
    On 3 September, officials announced that the Station Fire was caused by arson, and that a homicide investigation had been initiated. Investigators have discovered a substance at the fire's point of origin which they believe may have accelerated the flames.[39] The Station Fire claimed the lives of two Los Angeles County Firefighter's who were killed when their vehicle left the roadway due to heavy smoke conditions, reducing visibility. The two firefighters, assigned to a fire inmate hand crew camp (jointly operated by the Los Angeles County Fire Department and California Department of Corrections [40]), had been searching for a safe escape zone to help evacuate the camp's inmate crews who were being forced to evacuate due to the Station fire threatning the camp.[41] As of 15 September, $93.8 million (USD) had been spent fighting the fire at 91% contained with full containment by 19 September.[42] It was 100% contained at 7:00 P.M. PST on Friday, October 16, 2009, due to moderate rainfall.
    Property owners and concerned citizens are demanding a formal Congressional investigation as to why the U.S. Forest Service did not contain the fire within the first 48 hours when it was manageable.
    At 160,557 acres, the Station Fire is the 10th largest in modern California history,[33][43] and the largest wildfire in the modern history of Los Angeles County, passing the 105,000 acres (164 sq mi; 42,492 ha) Clampitt Fire of September 1970.[44]

Progression of the Station Fire through 4 September 2009. Note the huge expansion on 29 August. Map courtesy of the United States Forest Service.

Pyrocumulus cloud from the Station Fire, seen from North Hollywood, Los Angeles.

This near infra-red image shows the extent of the burned area from the Station Fire.

San Bernardino County

  • The Sheep Fire (3-10 October, 7,128 acres (11.1 sq mi; 2,884.6 ha)) started near Sheep Canyon Road near Lytle Creek east of Mount Baldy and west of the Cajon Pass in the San Gabriel Mountains. Mandatory evacuations were in place for all Wrightwood residents 4-6 October; the fireline held at 0.3 mile from Wrightwood homes. Five structures had been destroyed in the Lone Pine and Swarthout Canyon areas including one residence. Eight firefighters have been injured but no fatalities have been reported.[45] Below-freezing temperatures in the mountain areas helped fire crews in containment on 6 October.[46] Suppression costs as of 9 October 2009 (2009 -10-09): $7,977,000. [47]

Santa Barbara County

Progression of the La Brea Fire through 20 August, along with outlines of the Zaca Fire (2007) and Wellman Fire (1966). Map courtesy of the United States Forest Service.
  • The La Brea Fire began near La Brea Creek in Santa Barbara County, inside of Los Padres National Forest.[48] The fire burned 89,489 acres (140 sq mi; 36,215 ha) of chaparral between 8 August and 22 August, but only destroyed two structures—a cabin and an unused ranger station.[49] The huge Zaca Fire burned in the same region in 2007, and some of the same fire lines were used to contain the La Brea Fire.[50] A propane stove at an illegal marijuana plantation inside the National Forest is believed to have ignited the fire. The plantation held approximately 30,000 marijuana plants, worth an estimated $90 million (USD). Prior to the blaze, seventeen other plantations hidden in the forest had been discovered by authorities, who destroyed more than 225,000 plants worth over $675 million (USD). No suspects were captured at the site, but investigators did find an AK-47 assault rifle, and warned the public that the suspects could be armed and dangerous.[51]

Ventura County

The Guiberson fire in Ventura County has burnt an estimated 8,500 acres, destroying two outbuildings and injuring two firefighters. Governor Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency. The fire, which started between Fillmore and Moorpark, has caused the evacuation of almost 600 homes in Meridian Hills and Bardsdale; about 1,000 structures are threatened, in addition to oil pipelines in the area. As of September 22, this fire is 10% contained; the cause is still unconfirmed.[52]

Other counties

Smaller fires also broke out in Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego counties in August.

See also

References

  1. ^ Wildfire spreads along 241 toll road just east of Anaheim Hills. Los Angeles Times November 24, 2009
  2. ^ Current Fire Information. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Accessed October 29, 2009.
  3. ^ a b Risling, Greg. (2 September 2009). "Huge wildfire portends bad Calif. fire season". Washington Post. Associated Press. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/01/AR2009090100224.html?hpid=moreheadlines. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  4. ^ "Corral Fire". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 18 August 2009. http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=363. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  5. ^ Salonga, Robert. (17 August 2009). "Corral fire fully contained after burning 12,500 acres". Contra Costa Times. http://www.insidebayarea.com/livermore/ci_13143709. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  6. ^ "Big Meadow Wildfire". InciWeb (United States Forest Service). 4 September 2009. http://inciweb.org/incident/1869/. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
  7. ^ "A Note From Yosemite's Superintendent". InciWeb (United States Forest Service). 29 August 2009. http://inciweb.org/incident/article/9328/. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  8. ^ a b CalFIRE (18 July 2009). "Mammoth Fire Fire Incident Information". Archived from the original on 2009-09-16. http://www.webcitation.org/5jpq7m3Qw. Retrieved 2009-09-12. 
  9. ^ a b CalFIRE (28 August 2009). "Foresthill Fire Fire Incident Information". http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=375. 
  10. ^ "Forty Nine (49) Fire". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CalFire). 2 September 2009. http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=380. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  11. ^ a b Placer County Community Development Department. "Aerial photo & map of 49 Fire". Archived from the original on 2009-09-16. http://www.webcitation.org/5jpq8oWkd. Retrieved 2009-09-12.  (map)
  12. ^ a b "Fox40 News: Couple Tours Their Burned Out Home". Fox 40 KTXL. http://www.fox40.com/videobeta/watch/?watch=98a89913-422a-4c9f-8385-a208db1922e3&cat=empty&src=front&title=FOX40%20NEWS:%20Couple%20Tours%20Their%20Burned%20Out%20Home. 
  13. ^ Thomas, Ayesha; & Johnson, C. (1 September 2009). "Firefighters Fully Contain the 49 Fire". KXTV (ABC Channel 10). http://www.news10.net/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=66138. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  14. ^ Kellar, Liz; Kleist, Trina; Moller, Dave (31 August 2009), "Auburn blaze: arson possible", The Union (Grass Valley, California), http://www.theunion.com/article/20090831/NEWS/908309990/1053/NONE&parentprofile=1053 
  15. ^ Gabbert, Bill. (13 August 2009). "Lockheed fire near Santa Cruz, CA". Wildfire Today. http://www.wildfiretoday.com/2009/08/13/lockheed-fire-near-santa-cruz-ca. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  16. ^ Squires, Jennifer; Jones, Donna; Alexander, Kurtis; Kelly, Cathy; Bookwalter, Genevieve; & Walsh, Austin. (13 August 2009). "Lockheed Fire update: No containment; Bonny Doon evacuated; McCrary home saved". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/ci_13052532. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  17. ^ a b "Lockheed Fire Incident Information". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 23 August 2009. http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=361. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  18. ^ "State of Emergency As Lockheed Fire Rages". KPIX-TV (CBS Channel 5). 14 August 2009. http://cbs5.com/local/bonny.doon.fire.2.1128496.html. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  19. ^ Bookwalter, Genevieve. (19 August 2009). "Scientists excited about new rare plants: recent flames could prompt explosion of manzanita species found nowhere else". Santa Cruz Sentinel. http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/ci_13156080. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  20. ^ "Bryson Fire". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 28 August 2009. http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=368. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  21. ^ "Firefighters battling fierce heat, dry fuels in 4,000-acre Bryson Fire". KSBY-TV (NBC Channel 6). 28 August 2009. http://www.ksby.com/Global/story.asp?S=11002937. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  22. ^ "Gloria Fire". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 31 August 2009. http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=374. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  23. ^ Solana, Kimber. (1 September 2009). "CAL FIRE investigators focus on vineyard as cause of Gloria Fire near Soledad". The Californian. http://www.thecalifornian.com/article/20090901/NEWS01/909010305. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  24. ^ Loma Fire Incident Information. CAL FIRE. Accessed 2009-10-28
  25. ^ 600-acre Loma Fire now 20 percent contained. Santa Cruz Sentinel. 25 October 2009.
  26. ^ NOAA-17 satellite image of Loma Fire. hi res
  27. ^ "Yuba Fire". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 23 August 2009. http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=364. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  28. ^ Grigsby, Jared. (16 August 2009). "Difficult terrain works against Calif. fire crews". Associated Press. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g4rSxtb6hFEjzSiMFwAKeOSyEC9gD9A3RCB80. 
  29. ^ "Morris Fire". InciWeb (United States Forest Service). 3 September 2009. http://www.inciweb.org/incident/1852/. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
  30. ^ "Morris Fire was arson, official says". Pasadena Star-News. 30 August 2009. http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/news/ci_13235066. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  31. ^ Station Fire Update Sept . 27, 2009. InciWeb. Accessed 2009-09-28. Archived 2009-09-30.
  32. ^ "New fire breaks out near Angeles Crest Highway; forces road closure". Pasadena Star-News. 26 August 2009. http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/rds_search/ci_13209642?IADID=Search-www.pasadenastarnews.com-www.pasadenastarnews.com. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  33. ^ a b "Station Fire". InciWeb (United States Forest Service). 4 September 2009. http://inciweb.org/incident/1856/. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
  34. ^ "Firefighters Killed in 'Station Fire' Remembered". KTLA-TV (Channel 5). 1 September 2009. http://www.ktla.com/news/landing/ktla-firefighters-bio,0,7708207.story. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  35. ^ "Station Fire Evening Update Aug. 31, 2009". InciWeb (United States Forest Service). 31 August 2009. http://inciweb.org/incident/article/9360/. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  36. ^ "Station Fire Morning Update Sept. 8, 2009". InciWeb (United States Forest Service). 8 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-09-30. http://www.webcitation.org/5kAstMGw5. Retrieved 8 September 2009. 
  37. ^ {{cite_news |last=Knoll |first=Corinna |coauthors=& Becerra, Hector. |title=TV, cellphone signals from Mt. Wilson at risk |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-fire-mount-wilson31-2009aug31,0,6711216.story |date=31 August 2009 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=3 September 2009}
  38. ^ Weikel, Dan (4 September 2009). "Angeles Crest Highway closed indefinitely because of fire". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/09/angeles-crest-highway-closed-indefinitely-because-of-fire.html. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
  39. ^ Winton, Richard (4 September 2009). "Substance found near Station fire ignition point is key evidence in arson probe". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/la-me-fire5-2009sep05,0,3683519.story. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
  40. ^ http://fire.lacounty.gov/AirWildland/AirWildlandFireCamps.asp
  41. ^ http://www.ktla.com/news/landing/ktla-picture-firefighters-killed,0,453570.photo
  42. ^ Station Fire Update Sept. 15. InciWeb.
  43. ^ "20 Largest California Wildland Fires (By Acreage Burned)". California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 3 September 2009. http://www.fire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/20LACRES.pdf. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
  44. ^ Bloomekatz, Ari B. (2 September 2009). "Station fire is largest in L.A. County's modern history". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/09/station-fire-is-largest-in-la-county-history.html. Retrieved 5 September 2009. 
  45. ^ Sheep Fire. 10 Oct 09. InciWeb
  46. ^ Below-freezing temps help in fight against Sheep fire. L.A. NOW, Los Angeles Times. 6 Oct 2009, 7 pm.
  47. ^ Sheep Fire Update Friday October 9 8:00 Am. InciWeb.
  48. ^ Womack, Sam. (17 August 2009). "Crews work into the night to corral wildfire". Santa Maria Times. http://www.santamariatimes.com/articles/2009/08/17/news/news02.txt. 
  49. ^ "La Brea Fire". InciWeb (United States Forest Service). 1 September 2009. http://inciweb.org/incident/1803/. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  50. ^ "La Brea Fire Contained". Santa Barbara Independent. 23 August 2009. http://www.independent.com/news/2009/aug/23/la-brea-fire-contained/. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  51. ^ "La Brea Fire believed to be caused by $90 million marijuana operation run by Mexican drug cartel". KSBY-TV (NBC Channel 6). 19 August 2009. http://www.ksby.com/Global/story.asp?S=10950537. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 
  52. ^ "State of emergency declared in California wildfire". CNN. September 23, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/09/23/california.fire/. Retrieved September 23, 2009. 

External links

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v • d • e
Notable California wildfires by size
#1 - Santiago Canyon Fire of 1889: 300,000 acres (469 sq mi; 121,406 ha) est.  · #2 - Cedar Fire: 273,246 acres (427 sq mi; 110,579 ha)  · #3 - Zaca Fire: 240,207 acres (375 sq mi; 97,208 ha)  · #4 - Matilija Fire: 220,000 acres (344 sq mi; 89,031 ha)  · #5 - Witch Fire: 197,990 acres (309 sq mi; 80,124 ha)  · #6 - Marble-Cone Fire: ~178,000 acres (720 km2)  · #7 - Laguna Fire: 175,425 acres (274 sq mi; 70,992 ha)  · #8 - Basin Complex fire: 162,818 acres (254 sq mi; 65,890 ha)  · #9 - Day Fire: 162,700 acres (254 sq mi; 65,842 ha)  · #10 - Station Fire: 160,557 acres (251 sq mi; 64,975 ha)  · #11 - McNally Fire: 150,670 acres (235 sq mi; 60,974 ha)  · #12 - Old Fire (2003): 91,281 acres (143 sq mi; 36,940 ha)  · #13 - Harris Fire: 90,440 acres (141 sq mi; 36,600 ha)  · #14 - Indians Fire: 76,554 acres (120 sq mi; 30,980 ha)  · #15 - Moonlight Fire: 65,000 acres (102 sq mi; 26,305 ha)  · #16 - Sawtooth Complex fire: 61,700 acres (96 sq mi; 24,969 ha)  · #17 - Ranch Fire: 58,401 acres (91 sq mi; 23,634 ha)

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