Energy
A book on architecture and engineering by Roman architect Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio) [b. c. 90 bce, d. c. 20 bce] also discusses astronomy, acoustics, sundials, and water wheels. His De architectura libri decem ("ten books on architecture") will remain the main source of knowledge about Roman construction until the Renaissance. The "Vitruvian" water wheel is the first known instance of a vertical, undershot water wheel (the water runs beneath the wheel). Gearing is used to make the speed of the millstone one-fifth the speed of the wheel, a great improvement for grinding of grain. This type of wheel probably developed from the kinds of water wheels used for centuries for raising water for irrigation.
MaterialsVitruvius describes gold amalgam, that is, gold dissolved in mercury. See also 100 bce Chemistry.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 2nd century BC – 1st century BC – 1st century |
| Decades: | 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC – 20s BC – 10s BC 0s BC 0s |
| Years: | 28 BC 27 BC 26 BC – 25 BC – 24 BC 23 BC 22 BC |
| 25 BC by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 25 BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 729 |
| Armenian calendar | N/A |
| Assyrian calendar | 4726 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -1868–-1867 |
| Bengali calendar | -617 |
| Berber calendar | 926 |
| English Regnal year | N/A |
| Buddhist calendar | 520 |
| Burmese calendar | -662 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5484–5485 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙未年 (2612/2672) — to —
丙申年(2613/2673) |
| Coptic calendar | -308–-307 |
| Ethiopian calendar | -32–-31 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3736–3737 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 32–33 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 3077–3078 |
| Holocene calendar | 9976 |
| Iranian calendar | 646 BP – 645 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 666 BH – 665 BH |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 25 BC |
| Korean calendar | 2309 |
| Minguo calendar | 1936 before ROC 民前1936年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 519 |
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 25 BC |
Year 25 BC was either a common year starting on Wednesday, Thursday or Friday or a leap year starting on Wednesday or Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 729 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 25 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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