35th United States Congress
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35th United States Congress
| 35th United States Congress | |||
 United States Capitol (1860) |
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| Duration: March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1859 | |||
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| Senate President: | John C. Breckinridge | ||
| Senate Pres. pro tem: | James M. Mason Thomas J. Rusk Benjamin Fitzpatrick |
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| House Speaker: | James L. Orr | ||
| Members: | 66 Senators 237 Representatives 7 Non-voting members |
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| Senate Majority: | Democratic | ||
| House Majority: | none: Democratic plurality | ||
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| Sessions | |||
| Special: March 4, 1857 – March 14, 1857 1st: December 7, 1857 – June 14, 1858 2nd: December 6, 1858 – March 3, 1859 |
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The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857 to March 3, 1859, during the first two years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- March 4, 1857. James Buchanan became President of the United States
- March 6, 1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford
- July 18, 1857: Utah Expedition left Fort Leavenworth, effectively beginning the Utah War
Major legislation
- [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Treaties
Main article: List of United States treaties
- April 19, 1858: Treaty with the Yankton Sioux signed
- July 29, 1858: Harris Treaty signed with Japan
- August 21, 1858: First of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was held
States admitted
- May 11, 1858: Minnesota admitted as the 32nd state
- February 14, 1859: Oregon admitted as the 33rd state
Party summary
Senate
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Minnesota and Oregon.
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American (A) |
Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) |
Other |
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| End of the previous congress | 1 | 39 | (Opposition coalition) 21 |
1 | 62 | 0 |
| Begin | 5 | 36 | 20 | 0 | 61 | 1 |
| End | 41 | 66 | 0 | |||
| Final voting share | 7.6% | 62.1% | 30.3% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 2 | 38 | 26 | 0 | 66 | 0 |
House of Representatives
During this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Minnesota and one House seat was added for the new state of Oregon.
| Affiliation | Party
(Shading indicates plurality caucus)
|
Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American (A) |
Democratic (D) |
Independent Democratic (ID) |
Republican (R) |
Other | Vacant | |||
| End of previous Congress | 51 | 79 | 0 | 1 | (Opposition coalition) 100 |
230 | 4 | |
| Begin | 14 | 114 | 0 | 105 | 0 | 233 | 1 | |
| End | 15 | 116 | 1 | 237 | 0 | |||
| Final voting share | 6.3% | 49.4% | 44.3% | 0.0% | ||||
| Beginning of next Congress | 9 | 82 | 6 | 113 | (Anti-Lecompton Democratic + Opposition) 24 |
234 | 2 | |
Leadership
Senate
- President (President of the Senate): John C. Breckinridge (D)
- President pro tempore of the Senate: James M. Mason (D)
- Thomas J. Rusk (D), elected March 14, 1857
- Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), elected December 7, 1857
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1860.
See also: United States Senate elections, 1856
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 5
- Democrats (D): no net change
- Whigs (W): no net change
- Republicans (R): no net change
- Americans (A): no net change
- deaths: 4
- resignations: 1
- interim appointments: 2
- seats of newly admitted states: 4
- Total seats with changes: 9
| State (class) |
Former senator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tennessee (1) |
Vacant | Vacancy in term | Andrew Johnson (D) | October 8, 1857 |
| South Carolina (3) |
Andrew Butler (D) | Died May 25, 1857 | James H. Hammond (D) | December 7, 1857 |
| New Hampshire (3) |
James Bell (R) | Died May 26, 1857 | Daniel Clark (R) | June 27, 1857 |
| Texas (1) |
Thomas J. Rusk (D) | Died July 29, 1857 | J. Pinckney Henderson (D) | November 9, 1857 |
| North Carolina (3) |
Asa Biggs (D) | Resigned May 5, 1858 after being appointed judge of US District Court of NC | Thomas L. Clingman (D) | May 7, 1858 |
| South Carolina (2) |
Josiah J. Evans (D) | Died May 6, 1858 | Arthur P. Hayne (D) | May 11, 1858 |
| Minnesota (1) |
New seat | Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | Henry M. Rice (D) | May 11, 1858 |
| Minnesota (2) |
New seat | Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | James Shields (D) | May 11, 1858 |
| Texas (1) |
J. Pinckney Henderson (D) | Died June 4, 1858 | Matthias Ward (D) | September 27, 1858 |
| South Carolina (2) |
Arthur P. Hayne (D) | Successor elected December 2, 1858 | James Chesnut, Jr. (D) | December 3, 1858 |
| Oregon (2) |
New seat | Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 | Delazon Smith (D) | February 14, 1859 |
| Oregon (3) |
New seat | Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 | Joseph Lane (D) | February 14, 1859 |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 10
- Democrats (D): 3 seat net loss
- Whigs (W): 3 seat net gain
- Republicans (R): 1 seat net gain
- Independent Democrats (ID): 1 seat net gain
- deaths: 5
- resignations: 6
- contested election:1
- seats of newly admitted states: 3
- Total seats with changes: 14
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri 3rd | Vacant | Rep. James S. Green was elected to this term but resigned after being elected in turn to the US Senate | John B. Clark (D) | Seated December 7, 1857 |
| Indiana 10th | Samuel Brenton (R) | Died March 29, 1857 | Charles Case (R) | Seated December 7, 1857 |
| Pennsylvania 12th | John G. Montgomery (D) | Died April 24, 1857 | Paul Leidy (D) | Seated December 7, 1857 |
| Indiana 1st | James Lockhart (D) | Died September 7, 1857 | William E. Niblack (D) | Seated December 7, 1857 |
| Massachusetts 7th | Nathaniel P. Banks (R) | Resigned December 24, 1857 after being elected Governor of Massachusetts | Daniel W. Gooch (R) | Seated January 31, 1858 |
| North Carolina 8th | Thomas L. Clingman (D) | Resigned May 7, 1858 after being appointed to the US Senate | Zebulon B. Vance (D) | Seated December 7, 1858 |
| Minnesota At-Large | New seat | Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | James M. Cavanaugh (D) | Seated May 11, 1858 |
| Minnesota Territory At-Large | William W. Kingsbury (D) | Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | Seat eliminated | |
| Minnesota At-Large | New seat | Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | William W. Phelps (D) | Seated May 11, 1858 |
| Ohio 3rd | Lewis D. Campbell (R) | Lost contested election May 25, 1858 | Clement Vallandigham (D) | Seated May 25, 1858 |
| Mississippi 5th | John A. Quitman (D) | Died July 17, 1858 | John J. McRae (D) | Seated December 7, 1858 |
| Pennsylvania 8th | J. Glancy Jones (D) | Resigned October 30, 1858 | William H. Keim (R) | Seated December 7, 1858 |
| Illinois 6th | Thomas L. Harris (D) | Died November 24, 1858 | Charles D. Hodges (D) | Seated January 4, 1859 |
| New York 4th | John Kelly (D) | Resigned December 25, 1858 | Thomas J. Barr (D) | Seated January 7, 1859 |
| Oregon Territory At-Large | Joseph Lane (D) | Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 | Seat eliminated | |
| Oregon At-Large | New seat | Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 | La Fayette Grover (D) | Seated February 14, 1859 |
Employees
Senate
- Chaplain: Stephen P. Hill (Baptist)
- Secretary. Asbury Dickens elected December 12, 1836
- Sergeant at Arms. Dunning R. McNair
House of Representatives
- Chaplain. William H. Milburn (Methodist)
- Clerk: James C. Allen
- Doorkeeper. Robert B. Hackney
- Messenger. Thaddeus Morrice
- Sergeant at Arms. Adam J. Glossbrenner
- Postmaster. Michael W. Cluskey
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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