438 BC
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In the year 438 bce
Construction
Greek sculptor Phidias [b. Attica, Greece, c. 500 bce, d. c. 432 bce], working with architects Actinus and Callicrates, completes the Parthenon in Athens to the extent that it can be used for the dedication of Phidias' gold-and-ivory statue of Athena, although further construction continues. See also 432 bce Construction.
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438 BC
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 6th century BC – 5th century BC – 4th century BC |
| Decades: | 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC – 430s BC – 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC |
| Years: | 441 BC 440 BC 439 BC – 438 BC – 437 BC 436 BC 435 BC |
| 438 BC by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 438 BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 316 |
| Armenian calendar | N/A |
| Assyrian calendar | 4313 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -2281 – -2280 |
| Bengali calendar | -1030 |
| Berber calendar | 513 |
| English Regnal year | N/A |
| Buddhist calendar | 107 |
| Burmese calendar | -1075 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5071 – 5072 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬寅年 (2199/2259) — to —
癸卯年(2200/2260) |
| Coptic calendar | -721 – -720 |
| Ethiopian calendar | -445 – -444 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3323 – 3324 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Bikram Samwat | -381 – -380 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2664 – 2665 |
| Holocene calendar | 9563 |
| Iranian calendar | 1059 BP – 1058 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1092 BH – 1091 BH |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 1896 |
| Minguo calendar | 2349 before ROC 民前2349年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 106 |
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Year 438 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Macerinus, Iullus and Cincinnatus (or, less frequently, year 316 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 438 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Greece
- The Parthenon on the Acropolis at Athens is completed by Ictinus and Callicrates and is consecrated after 9 years of construction. It is dedicated at the Panathenaea (a festival held in honour of Athena every four years on the Acropolis).
- The colossal statue of the Athena Parthenos, which Phidias has made for the Parthenon, is completed and dedicated. It is made of gold and ivory and stands some 12 metres high.
- Telephus, a play by the renowned playwright Euripides, is produced in Athens. This tragedy did not survive to modern times.
Italy
By topic
Literature
- The Greek playwright Euripides' play Alcestis is performed in the Dionysia, an Athenian dramatic festival.
Art
- Three seated Goddesses (possibly Hestia, Dione and Aphrodite), from the east pediment of the Parthenon, are made (finished in 432 BC). They are now kept at The British Museum in London.
- The Ionic frieze on the north side of the Parthenon, is created (finished in 432 BC). Parts of this frieze are now preserved in museums in Europe, including the Horsemen (at the British Museum, London), and the Marshals and Young Women (now at Musée du Louvre, Paris), which once formed part of the Procession on the frieze.
Births
Deaths
- Cincinnatus, Roman politician, consul and dictator (b. 519 BC)
References
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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