630s

This is a list of events occurring in the 630s, ordered by year.

630

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Croats and Serbs settle in the Balkans, having been invited by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius.
• The Byzantine-Arab Wars begin.

Asia

• Muhammad sets out to capture Mecca by force.
• Armenia is invaded by Chorpan Tarkhan
• The Chinese Buddhist monk Xuan Zang reaches India.
• Ardashir is assassinated, and succeeded by Shahrbaraz as king of Persia; Sharbaraz is assassinated and succeeded by Boran.
• The Tang Dynasty Chinese general Li Jing captures the Jiali Khan Ashina Duobi, which leads to success in Emperor Taizong's campaign against Eastern Tujue launched at the end of the previous year, and results in the disintegration of the Göktürk Khanate.

631

By place

Europe

• The Battle of Wogastisburg is fought between the Slavs led by Samo, and the Franks led by their king, Dagobert I.

Asia

• Chinese Emperor Taizong of Tang establishes a new Daoist abbey, out of gratitude for Daoist priests who had apparently cured the crown prince of an illness.

632

By place

Europe

• Khan Kubrat starts to rule in Great Bulgaria.

Asia

• January 27 – Annular eclipse of the sun.^[1]
• December – Abu Bakr defeats Mosailima in the Battle of Akraba.
• Queen Seondeok is crowned in Korea.
• Yazdgird III starts to rule in Persia.
• Ridda Wars begins

By topic

Religion

• March 9 – The Last Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of Prophet Muhammad.
• After the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph and the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) is established.

633

By place

Europe

• Oswald of Bernicia becomes Bretwalda.
• Osric becomes king of Deira.
• Battle of Hatfield Chase: Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd defeat and kill Edwin of Northumbria.

Asia

• Arab armies invade Syria and Iraq.^[2]

By topic

Arts and sciences

• Li Chung Feng builds a celestial globe.

Religion

• The Fourth Council of Toledo is held.

634

By place

British Isles

• Oswald of Northumbria defeats Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd in the Battle of Heavenfield and reunites Northumbria.

Asia

• The Rashidun Caliphate starts the Islamic conquest of the Byzantine empire.
• September 20 – Khalid Ibn Walid captures Damascus.
• The Xianbei/Tibetan state of Tuyuhun is invaded by Tang Dynasty China during Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tuyuhun, led by commander Li Jing, resulting in the assassination of their leader (Busabuo Khan Murong Fuyun) in 635 and the dissolving of their state in 672.

By topic

Religion

• Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr as Sunni Caliph.

635

By place

Europe

• Kubrat conquers the Avars and founds Old Great Bulgaria.

By topic

Religion

• Saint Aidan founds Lindisfarne in Northumbria, England.
• Nestorian Christianity reaches China.

Literature

• The Chinese historian Yao Silian completes the Book of Liang.

636

By place

Persian Empire

• November 16–November 19 – Battle of al-Qādisiyyah: Muslim Arab victory against the Sassanid army.

Europe

• Rothari marries Queen Gundeparga, and becomes king of the Lombards.

Asia

• The city of Basra, Iraq is founded on a canal by Caliph Omar.
• The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding, China, is built during the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang.

By topic

Literature

• The historical texts of the Book of Northern Qi, Book of Chen, and Book of Sui are compiled in China during the Tang Dynasty.

637

By place

Europe

• Battle of Mag Rath: Dál Riata influence in Ulster is greatly reduced or ended.

Asia

• Following the victory in the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah, the Rashidun Caliphate takes the Persian capital of Ctesiphon.
• Muslim forces under the Rashidun Caliphate conquer Jerusalem, Aleppo and Antioch.
• Chang'an, capital of China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Ctesiphon, capital of the Sassanid Empire.^[3]
• Songtsen Gampo builds the first palace on the site of the Potala Palace.

638

By place

Asia

• In Central Asia, Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tufan results in the marriage alliance between the Tang Dynasty and the Tibetan Empire, as the Chinese Princess Wencheng is wed to Tibetan ruler Songtsän Gampo.
• Abu-Musa al-Asha'ari establishes Hafar Al-Batin City while digging out new wells.

By topic

Arts and sciences

• The Islamic calendar is introduced.
• Year 0 of the Burmese calendar, based on Chulasakarat.

639

By place

Europe

• Clovis II succeeds Dagobert I as king of the Franks in Neustria and Burgundy.

Asia

• During the Islamic conquest of Persia, the city of Susa is destroyed.
• The Xueyantuo assaults the Chinese-conquered vassal of Eastern Tujue. Although simultaneously fighting in Korea against Goguryeo, the Chinese Tang Dynasty nonetheless initiates Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xueyantuo, where the famous general Li Shiji is deployed to fend off attacks in Tujue. By 646 the Xueyantuo state is destroyed.
• An unsuccessful revolt of Prince Kürşat of Eastern Turks in China.

Middle East

• The Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab initiates the Islamic invasion of Egypt.
• The Plague of Emmaus breaks out.

Significant people

Births

Deaths

References