| Centuries: | 6th century · 7th century · 8th century |
| Decades: | 610s 620s 630s 640s 650s 660s 670s |
| Years: | 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 |
| 642 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 642 DCXLII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1395 |
| Armenian calendar | 91 ԹՎ ՂԱ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -1202 – -1201 |
| Berber calendar | 1592 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1186 |
| Burmese calendar | 4 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6150 – 6151 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛丑年十一月廿五日 (3278/3338-11-25) — to —
壬寅年十二月初五日(3279/3339-12-5) |
| Coptic calendar | 358 – 359 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 634 – 635 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4402 – 4403 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 697 – 698 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 564 – 565 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3743 – 3744 |
| Holocene calendar | 10642 |
| Iranian calendar | 20 – 21 |
| Islamic calendar | 21 – 22 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 2975 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1185 |
Events
By place
Europe
- August 5—In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda, king of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald, king of Bernicia.
- Batbayan succeeds Kubrat as ruler of the Bulgars (approximate date).
Africa
- Nubian kingdom of Makuria defeats Arab invaders at First Battle of Dongola.
- Arabs conquer Alexandria.
Asia
- Battle of Nehawand: Arabs conquer Persia.
- Empress Kōgyoku ascends to the throne of Japan.
- Yeon Gaesomun seizes power over the Goguryeo kingdom and places King Bojang on the throne.
- Emperor Taizong of Tang issues a decree throughout China that increases the punishment for men who deliberately inflict injuries upon themselves (most commonly breaking their own legs) in order to avoid military conscription. This decree is an effort to eradicate this practice that has grown as a trend since the time of the rebellion against the Sui Dynasty.
By topic
Arts and sciences
- The earliest surviving dated Arabic papyrus, PERF 558, and the earliest known Arabic text with diacritical marks is written.
Religion
- November 24—Pope Theodore I succeeds Pope John IV as the 73rd pope.
- A monastic settlement is founded in Hampshire, England, which later becomes Winchester Cathedral.
Births
Deaths
- August 5—Oswald, king of Bernicia and Bretwalda
- October 12—Pope John IV
- Khalid bin Walid, Muslim general, conqueror of Damascus and Syria
- Yeongnyu of Goguryeo
- Yuwen Shiji, Chinese statesman
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